【摘要】：廣西是我國甘蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū),目前種植面積約1300萬畝,其中宿根蔗占60%以上。如何延長甘蔗宿根年限和提高其產(chǎn)量,是目前甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)所面臨的主要問題之一。叢枝菌根(AM)真菌能改善土壤生態(tài),促進(jìn)養(yǎng)分吸收,改善作物的連作年限。研究表明,大田甘蔗接種AM真菌能提高土壤pH,減少化肥用量,提高甘蔗產(chǎn)量。AM真菌在農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中有重要的作用,但農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中AM真菌的群落結(jié)構(gòu)會受到耕作和施肥等農(nóng)業(yè)措施的影響。本研究采用定點(diǎn)原位方式,使用高通量測序技術(shù)分析培土和施肥水平對AM真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,及其與宿根蔗生長的相關(guān)性,為利用AM真菌改善土壤生態(tài)和提高甘蔗宿根種植年限探明道理。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.培土和施肥水平影響甘蔗根系A(chǔ)M真菌的侵染率。不論培土與否,施肥都會降低AM真菌的侵染率。在相同施肥水平上,不培土處理的侵染率高于培土處理。2.隨土層深度的增加,土壤中AM真菌多樣性和豐富度降低。但培土?xí)岣?-20 cm 土層和40-60 cm 土層的AM真菌的豐富度。3.Venn圖分析結(jié)果顯示,不培土處理不同施肥量之間AM真菌多樣性無顯著差異,而在培土處理表現(xiàn)為施肥0 kg/ha和施肥750 kg/ha的多樣性較高。4.甘蔗根圍土壤中球囊霉屬(Glomus)占有絕對的優(yōu)勢,之后是類球囊霉屬(Paraglomus)和多樣囊霉屬(Diversispora)。此外,也有少量的原囊霉屬(Archaeospora)、巨抱囊霉屬(Gigaspora)、無梗囊霉屬(Acaulospora)、盾巨孢囊霉屬(Scutellospora)和 Ambispora。5.不培土處理20-40 cm 土層和40-60 cm 土層的AM真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)較為相似。而培土處理各個(gè)土層深度有明顯差異。不培土處理且施肥750 kg/ha和培土處理施肥187.5 kg/haAM真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)較為穩(wěn)定,不同時(shí)間群落變化較小。
[Abstract]:Guangxi is the main sugarcane producing area in China. At present, the planting area is about 13 million mu, of which the ratoon cane accounts for more than 60%. How to extend the number of years and increase the yield of sugarcane is one of the main problems faced by sugarcane industry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) can improve soil ecology, nutrient uptake and crop continuous cropping years. The results showed that the inoculation of AM fungi in field sugarcane could increase the amount of soil pH, and increase the yield of sugarcane. AM fungi play an important role in farmland ecosystem. But the community structure of AM fungi in farmland system is affected by farming and fertilization. In this study, the effects of soil and fertilizer levels on the structure of AM fungi community and their correlation with the growth of ratoon cane were analyzed by high throughput sequencing. In order to use AM fungi to improve soil ecology and to increase the number of years of sugarcane root planting. The main results are as follows: 1. The infection rate of AM fungi in sugarcane roots was affected by soil culture and fertilization. Fertilization decreased the infection rate of AM fungi, no matter whether the soil was cultivated or not. At the same fertilization level, the infection rate of uncultivated soil treatment was higher than that of soil culture treatment. The diversity and richness of AM fungi decreased with the increase of soil depth. However, soil culture could increase the richness of AM fungi in 0-20 cm soil layer and 40-60 cm soil layer. The results of 3.Venn analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the diversity of AM fungi between different fertilization rates. On the other hand, the diversity of 0 kg/ha fertilization and 750 kg/ha fertilization was higher in soil culture. 4. (Glomus) is the dominant genus in sugarcane rhizosphere soil, followed by (Paraglomus) and (Diversispora). In addition, there are also a small number of procystis, (Archaeospora), (Gigaspora), (Acaulospora), (Scutellospora) and Ambispora.5.. The community structure of AM fungi in the soil layer of 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm without soil treatment was similar. However, the depth of each soil layer treated with soil culture is obviously different. The community structure of fungi was stable in the treatment of no soil and 187.5 kg/haAM fertilized with 750 kg/ha and 187.5 kg/haAM respectively, and the change of community was small at different time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S566.1;S154.3

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