【摘要】：本論文通過室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗和溫室盆栽試驗研究了硝基化肥工業(yè)廢棄物鈣泥和鎂泥對3種不同土壤(磚紅壤、紅壤和石灰性褐土)化學性質(zhì)的影響以及與泥炭和化肥配施對2種不同土壤的肥力和第二茬作物玉米苗期生長的影響。以期為鈣泥、鎂泥農(nóng)業(yè)資源化利用提供依據(jù)。(1)室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗結果表明：不同用量鈣泥、鎂泥均不同程度地提高了三種土壤的pH值,且以鎂泥對磚紅壤pH值的提高幅度最大;不同用量鈣泥、鎂泥處理可提高磚紅壤有機質(zhì)含量,但增幅較小,而紅壤、石灰性褐土有機質(zhì)含量隨鈣泥、鎂泥添加量增加呈降低趨勢；不同用量鈣泥、鎂泥略提高了紅壤和磚紅壤全N含量,但高量鈣泥、鎂泥顯著降低了石灰性褐土全N含量;低量鈣泥、鎂泥提高了紅壤、石灰性褐土有效P含量,高量鎂泥提高了磚紅壤有效P含量;紅壤、磚紅壤速效K含量隨鈣泥添加量的增加而降低,但對石灰性褐土影響不顯著。3種土壤水溶性鈣、鎂和活性鐵、鋁、錳含量均隨鈣泥、鎂泥添加量的增加而增加,這主要與鈣泥、鎂泥本身的性質(zhì)有關�？傮w來說,鎂泥對土壤pH和有效P含量的影響大于鈣泥,而鈣泥對土壤中水溶性Ca, Mg和活性Fe、Al、 Mn含量影響較鎂泥大。鈣泥、鎂泥對酸性土壤具有良好的改良效果。(2)盆栽試驗結果表明：不同施肥處理對2種土壤有機質(zhì)、全氮、有效P含量、石灰性褐土速效K含量以及2種土壤上第二茬作物玉米苗期根干重與廣州菜園土上種植的第二茬作物玉米苗期株高和株干重等的影響差異達顯著水平,而對2種土壤pH值和廣州菜園土速效K含量以及石灰性褐土上種植的第二茬作物玉米苗期株高和株干重等的影響差異不顯著。其中,以P1+Ca6+W處理廣州菜園土種植的第二茬作物玉米苗期株干重和根干重較CK增幅均為最大,分別增加40.6%和45.8%,P2+Ca5+W處理的株高增幅最大,為31.3%。P2+Ca5+W和P2+Mg5+W處理廣州菜園土有機質(zhì)含量較CK增幅最大,分別為45.9%和44.9%。全部施肥處理石灰性褐土全氮含量較CK均提高,其中P3+Mg4+W處理較CK提高最大,為34.3%。鈣鎂泥配施下2種土壤有效P含量較CK均顯著提高,分別提高48.9%-232.5%和150.1%-189.8%,無機肥處理廣州菜園土有效P較CK也顯著提高,為141.3%。鈣鎂泥配施處理石灰性褐土有效K較CK顯著提高了18.7%-33.8%�？梢�,鈣泥、鎂泥與泥炭、無機肥配施對土壤肥力的后效大于單施無機肥,且對廣州菜園土的后效大于對石灰性褐土。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of calcium and magnesium sludge on three different soils (latosol) were studied in laboratory and greenhouse. Effects of chemical properties of red soil and calcareous cinnamon soil and effects of combined application with peat and chemical fertilizer on fertility of two different soils and seedling growth of maize in the second crop. In order to provide the basis for the agricultural utilization of calcium mud and magnesium mud. (1) the results of indoor culture experiment showed that the pH values of three kinds of soils were increased to different extent by different amounts of calcium mud and magnesium mud. The increase of pH value in latosol by magnesium mud was the largest. The content of organic matter in lateritic red soil was increased by different amount of calcium mud and magnesium mud, but the increase was small, while the content of organic matter in calcareous cinnamon soil decreased with the increase of calcium mud. The total N content of red soil and latosol was slightly increased by magnesium mud, but the total N content of calcareous cinnamon soil was significantly decreased by magnesium mud with high calcium content. The available P content of calcareous cinnamon soil was increased by low amount of calcium mud and magnesium mud, and the available P content of latosol was increased by high amount of magnesium mud. The available K content of red soil and latosol decreased with the increase of calcium sludge, but had no significant effect on calcareous cinnamon soil. The contents of water-soluble calcium, magnesium, active iron, aluminum and manganese in three soils increased with the increase of calcium mud and magnesium sludge addition. This is mainly related to the nature of the calcium mud and the magnesium mud itself. In general, the effect of magnesium mud on the content of pH and available P in soil was greater than that on calcium mud, but the effect of calcium mud on the content of water-soluble Ca, Mg and active Fe,Al, Mn in soil was greater than that in magnesium mud. The results of pot experiment showed that the organic matter, total nitrogen and available P contents of two kinds of soil were affected by different fertilization treatments. The difference of available K content in calcareous cinnamon soil and root dry weight of maize at seedling stage between the two soils and the plant height and dry weight of maize in the second crop planted in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil was significant. However, there was no significant difference in pH value of two soils, available K content in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil, plant height and dry weight of maize in seedling stage of the second crop planted on calcareous cinnamon soil. Among them, the increase of plant dry weight and root dry weight of the second crop of maize planted with P1 Ca6 W in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil at seedling stage was the largest compared with that of CK, and the plant height increased by 40.6% and 45.8% respectively in the treatment of P2 Ca5 W, respectively. The content of organic matter in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil treated with 31.3%.P2 Ca5 W and P2 Mg5 W was 45.9% and 44.9%, respectively, which was higher than that of CK. The total nitrogen content of calcareous cinnamon soil under all fertilization treatments was higher than that of CK, and P3 Mg4 W treatment had the highest increase compared with CK treatment, which was 34. 3% of the total nitrogen content in calcareous cinnamon soil. Compared with CK, the available P contents of the two soils increased significantly by 48.9% -232.5% and 150.1% -189.8%, respectively. The available P in the inorganic fertilizer treatment of Guangzhou vegetable garden soil was also significantly higher than that of CK (141.3%). The available K of calcareous cinnamon treated with calcium and magnesium mud was significantly higher than that of CK. It can be seen that the combined application of calcium mud, magnesium mud and peat, inorganic fertilizer has more effect on soil fertility than that on only inorganic fertilizer, and on Guangzhou vegetable garden soil, the latter effect is greater than that on calcareous cinnamon soil.
【學位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S141.6

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