【摘要】：河西走廊是古代“絲綢之路”的重要區(qū)段,同時(shí)也是中國的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化發(fā)展較早的地區(qū)之一,其灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)有兩千多年的歷史。近年來,由于河西地區(qū)水資源的缺乏及利用不當(dāng)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,河西走廊地區(qū)土地鹽漬化問題愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重,嚴(yán)重制約了河西走廊地區(qū)的發(fā)展。對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)赝寥利}漬化現(xiàn)狀的進(jìn)行調(diào)查、并分析其形成的影響因素,對(duì)于控制土壤鹽漬化進(jìn)程、改良和利用大面積鹽荒地具有重要意義。本研究對(duì)以往有關(guān)河西走廊生土地鹽漬化的大量文獻(xiàn)和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料進(jìn)行了調(diào)查和歸納,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,選取地處河西地區(qū)的武威市五個(gè)村鎮(zhèn),研究了不同灌溉量對(duì)土壤鹽漬化的影響,得出以下主要結(jié)果:1.河西走廊地區(qū)鹽漬化土地達(dá)89.37×104hm2,其中重度鹽漬化土地占耕地面積的52%;土地利用率低;土壤鹽漬化往往伴隨著水資源的匱乏及不合理的配置,導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)刂参锷L(zhǎng)受到嚴(yán)重影響,部分植物甚至面臨滅絕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);鹽漬化也是是河西地區(qū)的水污染日益嚴(yán)重、人居環(huán)境惡化的一個(gè)重要結(jié)果。2.氣候因素、自然地理?xiàng)l件(地形和地貌、成土母質(zhì)、生物積鹽作用和水文及水文地質(zhì)條件)以及人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)是河西走廊土地鹽漬化的重要誘發(fā)因素。3.通過對(duì)武威市五個(gè)地區(qū)不同灌溉量樣地的土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行取樣分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)灌水多的土壤中電導(dǎo)率、pH值或Na~+含量通常高于灌水少的土壤,因此灌溉量過多會(huì)導(dǎo)致土地鹽漬化程度加劇。4.總結(jié)出適合河西走廊土地鹽漬化的改善措施,即:通過水利工程技術(shù)措施(包括井-溝-渠相結(jié)合的灌溉措施、排水防治土壤鹽漬化和灌溉淋鹽等)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)措施(包括平整土地、深翻土地、壓沙、精耕細(xì)作,深翻曬壟、合理灌溉、增施肥料,種植綠肥等)、物理改良措施、化學(xué)改良措施、生物改良措施、綜合改良措施和建立健全水鹽動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)體系。
[Abstract]:The Hexi Corridor is an important section of the ancient Silk Road, and also one of the early regions of China's political, economic and cultural development. Its irrigated agriculture has a history of more than two thousand years. In recent years, due to the lack of water resources in Hexi region and the rapid development of social economy, the problem of land salinization in Hexi Corridor is becoming more and more serious, which seriously restricts the development of Hexi Corridor. It is of great significance to investigate the present situation of soil salinization and analyze the influencing factors for controlling the process of soil salinization and improving and utilizing a large area of salinization wasteland. In this study, a large number of literature and national economic statistical data on salinization of raw land in Hexi Corridor were investigated and summarized. On this basis, five villages and towns in Wuwei City, located in Hexi area, were selected. The effects of different irrigation amount on soil salinization were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. The salinized land in Hexi Corridor area is 89.37 脳 10 ~ 4hm ~ (2), of which heavy salinization land accounts for 52% of cultivated land, and the land utilization ratio is low. Soil salinization is often accompanied by the lack of water resources and unreasonable allocation, resulting in the serious impact on the growth of local plants, and some plants even face the risk of extinction. Salinization is also an important result of the worsening of water pollution and habitat environment in Hexi area. 2. Climatic factors, natural geographical conditions (topography and geomorphology, soil-forming parent material, bioaccumulation of salt and hydrological and hydrogeological conditions) and human economic activities are important inducing factors of land salinization in Hexi Corridor. Through sampling and analyzing the physical and chemical properties of soil in five areas of Wuwei city, it was found that the electrical conductivity, pH value or Na~ content in the soil with more irrigation were usually higher than those in the soil with less irrigation. Therefore, too much irrigation will lead to increased salinization of land. 4. 4. The improvement measures suitable for land salinization in Hexi Corridor are summarized, that is, through the technical measures of water conservancy engineering (including the irrigation measures of combining well, ditch and canal, drainage prevention of soil salinization and irrigation salinization, etc.), Agricultural technical measures (including land leveling, deep land reclamation, sand compression, intensive ploughing, deep sunning, rational irrigation, increasing fertilizer, growing green manure, etc.), physical improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement, etc. Comprehensive improvement measures and establishment of a sound water and salt dynamic monitoring system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S156.41

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