汾河臨汾段土壤侵蝕控制與洪水調控服務供給和需求研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 22:45
【摘要】：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務是人類從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中獲得的利益。據聯合國千年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評估(Millennium ecosystem assessment,MA)報告,全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務評估的24項生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務中,有15項正在退化,嚴重威脅人類自身的生存和發(fā)展,而生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務供給與需求的研究能很好的解決自然資源在不同利用目的之間的分配,有效的保護自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng),更好的為人類造福。本研究在GIS和RS技術的支持下,以汾河臨汾段作為研究對象,運用修正的通用水土流失方程(RULSE模型),收集整理研究區(qū)多年月降水量數據、土壤類型數據、DEM數據、土地利用類型數據、遙感影像數據和植被覆蓋度數據,評價了2000年、2005年、2010年的土壤侵蝕量和侵蝕強度等級,分析了土壤侵蝕控制服務及洪水調控服務的供給和需求時空分布的變化特征和驅動因子,并利用疊加工具分析了供需平衡問題,指出了個別縣域供需不平衡的原因。研究結果表明:(1)在土壤侵蝕強度方面,2010年,汾河臨汾段最大土壤侵蝕模數為41639.1t/(km2·a),侵蝕總面積10928 km2,侵蝕強度以微度和輕度侵蝕為主。研究區(qū)年土壤侵蝕總量為229×105 t/a,年平均土壤侵蝕模數為2094.96 t/(km2·a),侵蝕量以極強烈、中度和劇烈侵蝕為主。2000年,最大土壤侵蝕模數為16221 t/(km2·a),侵蝕總量877.05×104t/a。2005年最大土壤侵蝕模數為28724.6 t/(km2·a),侵蝕總量1314.44×104 t/a。(2)2000-2010年,汾河臨汾段微度侵蝕面積在逐年減小,輕度侵蝕基本保持不變,而中度、強烈、極強烈和劇烈侵蝕在逐年增加,各等級侵蝕量與侵蝕面積變化趨勢相同。土壤侵蝕強度和侵蝕量由兩側山地向中部盆地遞減,中部臨汾盆地以微度和輕度侵蝕為主,兩側山地以高強度侵蝕為主,且西部呂梁山脈高于東部太岳山、霍山。(3)土壤侵蝕量和侵蝕模數均隨著坡度的增加而增加,而后減小,25°是侵蝕量的臨界坡度;同樣,土壤侵蝕量和侵蝕模數也均隨著高程的增加而增加,而后減小,其臨界高程是1500 m;從土地利用類型看,旱地對土壤侵蝕的貢獻最大,占侵蝕總量的96%以上,森林侵蝕量最小;研究區(qū)主要的土壤類型是黃綿土和褐土,二者的侵蝕量和侵蝕模數均高于其它土壤。(4)土壤侵蝕控制服務的供給區(qū)是汾河谷地兩側的森林和草地等植被覆蓋度較高的山地,需求區(qū)為汾河臨汾段內的農田、居民區(qū)、商業(yè)區(qū)和水庫等。對供給區(qū)和需求區(qū)進行疊加,得出在堯都區(qū)、襄汾縣、曲沃縣和侯馬市供需出現了極不平衡的現象,需求顯著大于供給。因此,這些縣域需要加大植樹造林與現有植被的保護工作,增加供給量。(5)洪水調控服務的供給區(qū)是洪水暴發(fā)地和受洪水影響地區(qū)的森林、草地和水庫,需求區(qū)是容易受到洪水災害影響的區(qū)域,包括暴雨區(qū)及暴雨影響區(qū)域的居民區(qū)、農田和商業(yè)建筑物等。將供給區(qū)和需求區(qū)進行疊加,可知在個別縣域供給和需求出現不平衡的現象,在中高等需求的曲沃縣、侯馬市、堯都區(qū)、洪洞縣及襄汾縣,供給卻很小。因此,在這幾個縣域需要加大植樹造林與現有植被的保護工作,同時注意保證河道的泄洪能力。
[Abstract]:The ecosystem service is the benefit of mankind from the ecosystem. According to the Millennium Development Assessment (MA) report of the United Nations, 15 of the 24 ecosystem services evaluated by the Global Ecosystem Services are in the process of degradation and seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings, The research of the supply and demand of the ecosystem services can solve the distribution of natural resources between different purposes, protect the natural ecosystem and benefit the mankind better. With the support of GIS and RS, this study uses the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model) to collect and sort the data of the precipitation data, soil type data, DEM data and land use type data of the research area for many years, using the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model). According to the data of remote sensing image data and vegetation coverage, the soil erosion amount and the erosion intensity level in 2000, 2005 and 2010 were evaluated, and the change characteristics and driving factors of the supply and demand time-time distribution of the soil erosion control service and the flood control service were analyzed. The paper analyzes the problem of supply and demand balance by using the overlay tool, and points out the reason why the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced. The results show that: (1) In the field of soil erosion, in 2010, the maximum soil erosion modulus in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is 4163.9. 1t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion area is 10928km2, and the erosion intensity is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion. The total amount of soil erosion in the study area is 229-105t/ a, the annual average soil erosion modulus is 2094. 96t/ (km2 路 a), and the erosion amount is dominated by very strong, moderate and severe erosion. In 2000, the maximum soil erosion modulus is 16221t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion amount is 87.7. 05-104t/ a. The maximum soil erosion modulus in 2005 is 28724. 6t/ (km2 路 a). The total erosion amount is 131.44-104t/ a. (2) In 2000-2010, the micro-degree erosion area of the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is decreasing year by year, and the mild erosion is basically unchanged, and the moderate, strong, very strong and violent erosion are increasing year by year, and the erosion amount of each grade is the same as that of the erosion area. The intensity of soil erosion and the amount of erosion decrease from the mountain areas on both sides to the central basin, and the middle part of the basin is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion, and the mountain areas on both sides are dominated by high-intensity erosion, and the Luliang Mountain in the west is higher than the Taiyue Mountain in the east and the Hoshan. (3) The soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the slope, then decrease, 25 擄 is the critical slope of the erosion amount; in the same way, the soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the elevation, and then decrease, and the critical elevation is 1500m; from the land use type, The contribution of the dry land to soil erosion is the largest, accounting for more than 96% of the total erosion, and the amount of forest erosion is the least; the main soil type in the study area is the yellow soil and the brown soil, and both the erosion amount and the erosion modulus are higher than the other soil. (4) The supply area of soil erosion control service is the mountainous area with higher vegetation coverage, such as the forest and grassland on both sides of the Fenhe valley, and the demand area is the farmland, residential area, commercial area and reservoir in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River. It is found that the supply and demand of the supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it is found that the supply and demand of supply and demand in the Yao Dui district, the Linfen County, the Quang County and the Houma City have an extremely unbalanced phenomenon, and the demand is significantly higher than that of the supply. Therefore, these counties need to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and increase the supply amount. (5) The supply area of the flood control service is the forest, the grassland and the reservoir in the flood-affected area and the affected area of the flood, and the demand area is the area that is vulnerable to the flood disaster, including the residential area, the farmland and the commercial building, etc. of the heavy rain area and the heavy rain influence area. The supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it can be seen that the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced, and the supply is very small in Quowu County, Houma City, Yaodu District, Hongdong County and Linfen County with higher demand. Therefore, in these counties, it is necessary to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and pay attention to ensuring the flood discharge capacity of the river course.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157
[Abstract]:The ecosystem service is the benefit of mankind from the ecosystem. According to the Millennium Development Assessment (MA) report of the United Nations, 15 of the 24 ecosystem services evaluated by the Global Ecosystem Services are in the process of degradation and seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings, The research of the supply and demand of the ecosystem services can solve the distribution of natural resources between different purposes, protect the natural ecosystem and benefit the mankind better. With the support of GIS and RS, this study uses the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model) to collect and sort the data of the precipitation data, soil type data, DEM data and land use type data of the research area for many years, using the modified general soil erosion equation (RULSE model). According to the data of remote sensing image data and vegetation coverage, the soil erosion amount and the erosion intensity level in 2000, 2005 and 2010 were evaluated, and the change characteristics and driving factors of the supply and demand time-time distribution of the soil erosion control service and the flood control service were analyzed. The paper analyzes the problem of supply and demand balance by using the overlay tool, and points out the reason why the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced. The results show that: (1) In the field of soil erosion, in 2010, the maximum soil erosion modulus in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is 4163.9. 1t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion area is 10928km2, and the erosion intensity is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion. The total amount of soil erosion in the study area is 229-105t/ a, the annual average soil erosion modulus is 2094. 96t/ (km2 路 a), and the erosion amount is dominated by very strong, moderate and severe erosion. In 2000, the maximum soil erosion modulus is 16221t/ (km2 路 a), the total erosion amount is 87.7. 05-104t/ a. The maximum soil erosion modulus in 2005 is 28724. 6t/ (km2 路 a). The total erosion amount is 131.44-104t/ a. (2) In 2000-2010, the micro-degree erosion area of the Linfen section of the Fenhe River is decreasing year by year, and the mild erosion is basically unchanged, and the moderate, strong, very strong and violent erosion are increasing year by year, and the erosion amount of each grade is the same as that of the erosion area. The intensity of soil erosion and the amount of erosion decrease from the mountain areas on both sides to the central basin, and the middle part of the basin is dominated by the micro-degree and the slight erosion, and the mountain areas on both sides are dominated by high-intensity erosion, and the Luliang Mountain in the west is higher than the Taiyue Mountain in the east and the Hoshan. (3) The soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the slope, then decrease, 25 擄 is the critical slope of the erosion amount; in the same way, the soil erosion amount and the erosion modulus increase with the increase of the elevation, and then decrease, and the critical elevation is 1500m; from the land use type, The contribution of the dry land to soil erosion is the largest, accounting for more than 96% of the total erosion, and the amount of forest erosion is the least; the main soil type in the study area is the yellow soil and the brown soil, and both the erosion amount and the erosion modulus are higher than the other soil. (4) The supply area of soil erosion control service is the mountainous area with higher vegetation coverage, such as the forest and grassland on both sides of the Fenhe valley, and the demand area is the farmland, residential area, commercial area and reservoir in the Linfen section of the Fenhe River. It is found that the supply and demand of the supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it is found that the supply and demand of supply and demand in the Yao Dui district, the Linfen County, the Quang County and the Houma City have an extremely unbalanced phenomenon, and the demand is significantly higher than that of the supply. Therefore, these counties need to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and increase the supply amount. (5) The supply area of the flood control service is the forest, the grassland and the reservoir in the flood-affected area and the affected area of the flood, and the demand area is the area that is vulnerable to the flood disaster, including the residential area, the farmland and the commercial building, etc. of the heavy rain area and the heavy rain influence area. The supply area and the demand area are superposed, and it can be seen that the supply and demand of the individual counties are not balanced, and the supply is very small in Quowu County, Houma City, Yaodu District, Hongdong County and Linfen County with higher demand. Therefore, in these counties, it is necessary to increase the protection of afforestation and existing vegetation, and pay attention to ensuring the flood discharge capacity of the river course.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157
【參考文獻】
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