【摘要】：為了明確洛陽地區(qū)煙田土壤微生物的年動態(tài)變化以及拮抗真菌的種類,試驗(yàn)以洛陽市嵩縣、洛寧與汝陽煙草不同生育期的煙田土壤為樣本,用平板稀釋法進(jìn)行土壤微生物的分離,用對峙培養(yǎng)法進(jìn)行土壤真菌對病原真菌拮抗作用的篩選,依據(jù)形態(tài)學(xué)特征結(jié)合ITS序列分析對拮抗菌株進(jìn)行鑒定,獲得了以下試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。(1)煙田土壤微生物的數(shù)量為細(xì)菌真菌放線菌,最大值為1.31×109、3.4×105、2.7×105CFU.g-1;在烤煙不同生育期土壤細(xì)菌、真菌數(shù)量表現(xiàn)出先增加后減少的趨勢,在旺長期達(dá)到峰值,以植煙3-6年的土壤細(xì)菌年變化最穩(wěn)定。土壤放線菌數(shù)量在不同樣本地、不同生育期、不同植煙年限表現(xiàn)各不同。(2)分離保存真菌178株,其中136株屬于15個不同屬,青霉屬、鐮孢菌屬、曲霉屬與木霉屬合計(jì)分離頻率達(dá)63.83%,為土壤中的優(yōu)勢種群。(3)篩選出具有拮抗作用的真菌菌株17株,其中木霉菌株5株,青霉菌株5株,曲霉菌株2株,待鑒定菌株5株。(4)具有拮抗作用的木霉菌為哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai)、絨毛木霉(Trichoderma tomentosum Bissett,KubicekSzakaes)、棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum Samuels)、深綠木霉(Trichoderma atroviride Karsten)和毛簇木霉(Trichoderma velutinum Bissett,KubicekSzakaes)。青霉菌為為產(chǎn)黃青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、純綠青霉(Penicillium polonicum)和青霉菌(Penicillium sp.);曲霉菌為土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus Thom)。(5)哈茨木霉和棘孢木霉對尖孢鐮刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht)、煙草疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae(Breda de Hean)Tuker)和瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson)Fitzpatrick)均有較好的拮抗效果,棘孢木霉對以上三種病原真菌均有抑制作用尚屬首次報(bào)道。毛簇木霉對煙草疫霉和尖孢鐮刀菌有較好的拮抗效果。絨毛木霉對煙草疫霉和瓜果腐霉有較好的拮抗效果,在國內(nèi)系首次報(bào)道。(6)青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)R3-3對瓜果腐霉和尖孢鐮刀菌的抑菌效果最好;土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)對煙草疫霉和瓜果腐霉均有較好的拮抗效果。本研究通過對土壤微生物的分離、篩選和鑒定,明確了洛陽地區(qū)土壤微生物的年動態(tài)變化及拮抗真菌的種類,為生產(chǎn)中了解煙田土壤微生物的構(gòu)成與變化,開展煙草土傳病害生物防治提供了一定的理論與應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the annual dynamic changes of soil microbes and the species of antagonistic fungi in tobacco fields in Luoyang area, the soil samples from Songxian County, Luoyang City, Luoning and Ruyang tobacco fields at different growth stages were used as samples. Soil microbes were isolated by plate dilution method, antagonistic effects of soil fungi against pathogenic fungi were screened by confrontation culture method, and antagonistic strains were identified according to morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. The following results were obtained: (1) the number of soil microorganism in tobacco field was bacterial fungi actinomycetes, the maximum value was 1.31 脳 10 9 (3.4 脳 10 5N) 2.7 脳 10 5 CFU 路g -1; At different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco, the number of fungi increased first and then decreased, and reached the peak value in the peak period. The annual variation of soil bacteria was the most stable in tobacco growing period from 3 to 6 years. The number of soil actinomycetes in different samples, different growth stages, different years of tobacco planting were different. (2) 178 strains of fungi were isolated and preserved, of which 136 belonged to 15 different genera, Penicillium, Fusarium. The total isolation frequency of Aspergillus and Trichoderma was 63.83, which was the dominant population in soil. (3) 17 strains of fungi with antagonistic effect were screened, including 5 strains of Trichoderma, 5 strains of Penicillium, 2 strains of Aspergillus. Five strains were identified. (4) the antagonistic Trichoderma was Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai), (Trichoderma tomentosum Bissett,KubicekSzakaes (Trichoderma tomentosum Bissett,KubicekSzakaes), Trichoderma sp. (Trichoderma asperellum Samuels), (Trichoderma atroviride Karsten) and Trichoderma tuber (Trichoderma velutinum Bissett,KubicekSzakaes). Penicillium spp. (Penicillium chrysogenum),: pure penicillium (Penicillium polonicum) and penicillium (Penicillium sp.); Aspergillus sp. (Aspergillus terreus Thom). (5) Trichoderma harzii and Trichoderma spinoides had better antagonistic effects against (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht), (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht), Phytophthora tabaci, (Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae (Breda de Hean) Tuker) and (Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzpatrick). The inhibitory effects of Trichoderma spinoides on the above three pathogenic fungi were reported for the first time. Trichoderma tubuloides had a good antagonistic effect against Phytophthora tabacum and Fusarium oxysporum. Trichoderma tomentosa had a better antagonistic effect against Phytophthora tabacum and Pythium melons. (6) Penicillium (Penicillium sp.) R3-3 had the best antimicrobial effect against Pythium fusarium and Fusarium oxysporum; Aspergillus earth (Aspergillus terreus) had a better antagonistic effect against Phytophthora tabacum and Pythium melons. Through the isolation, screening and identification of soil microbes, the annual dynamic changes of soil microbes and the species of antagonistic fungi in Luoyang area were determined in order to understand the composition and changes of soil microbes in tobacco fields. Biological control of tobacco soil-borne diseases provides certain theoretical and practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.3;S572

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