【摘要】：土壤酶是土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,在土壤生物化學(xué)過程中的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。氮沉降、經(jīng)營方式及生物質(zhì)炭會對土壤酶活性產(chǎn)生影響。因此,本文研究了不同梯度氮沉降(0、30、60和90 kg·hm 2·a 1)和生物炭添加(對照,CK:0T/hm-2;BC20:20T/hm-2;BC40:40T/hm-2)對不同經(jīng)營方式下土壤酶活性的的影響。結(jié)果表明:與粗放經(jīng)營模式相比,集約經(jīng)營模式顯著增加了土壤蔗糖酶、纖維素酶和脲酶的活性,分別提高了55.5%、112.9%、28.6%,顯著降低了硝酸還原酶的活性(-31.5%),對過氧化氫酶活性沒有顯著影響。氮沉降顯著抑制了粗放和集約經(jīng)營方式下毛竹林蔗糖酶(-20.0-49.4%和-36.2-45.1%)、纖維素酶(-20.5-46.3%和-18.3-49.0%)、硝酸還原酶(-67.9-85.2%和-15.2-34.2%)的活性及集約經(jīng)營毛竹林的脲酶活性(-23.1-47.6%),顯著增加了粗放經(jīng)營毛竹林土壤的脲酶活性(+8.1-50.6%),對過氧化氫酶活性的影響不顯著。氮沉降與經(jīng)營方式的復(fù)合作用除對過氧化氫酶活性的影響不顯著外,對其他4種土壤酶活性的影響均達到顯著水平。生物炭BC40添加極顯著促進了纖維素酶和硝酸還原酶活性(P0.01),顯著抑制了蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性(P0.05),對過氧化氫酶活性影響不顯著;生物炭施加極顯著減緩了氮沉降對蔗糖酶、脲酶的抑制作用(P0.001),對其他5種酶沒有顯著影響。本研究為全面認識毛竹林土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對氮沉降、生物質(zhì)炭及經(jīng)營方式的響應(yīng)提供了重要參考。
[Abstract]:Soil enzyme is an important part of soil ecosystem and plays an important role in the material circulation and energy flow in soil biochemistry. Nitrogen deposition, management mode and biomass carbon will affect soil enzyme activity. Therefore, the deposition of different gradient nitrogen (0 ~ 30 ~ (60) and 90 kg hm ~ (2) a ~ (-1) and the addition of biochar (control, CK:0T/hm-2;BC20:20T/hm-2;) were studied in this paper. The effect of BC40:40T/hm-2 on soil enzyme activity under different management conditions. The results showed that intensive management significantly increased the activities of soil sucrase, cellulase and urease, and increased the activity of 55.512.9 and 28.6cm, respectively, compared with the extensive management model, and the results showed that the intensive management model significantly increased the activities of soil sucrase, cellulase and urease, respectively. The activity of nitrate reductase was significantly decreased (- 31.5%), but the activity of catalase was not significantly affected. Nitrogen deposition significantly inhibited sucrase (-20.0-49.4%), cellulase (-20.5-46.3%) and -18.3-49.0% (-36.2-45.1%) of Phyllostachys pubescens forest under extensive and intensive management. The activity of nitrate reductase (-67.9-85.2% and -15.2-34.2%) and urease activity (-23.1-47.6%) of Phyllostachys pubescens forest were studied. The urease activity (8.1-50.6%) of the soil under extensive management of Phyllostachys pubescens was significantly increased, but the effect on the catalase activity was not significant. The compound effect of nitrogen deposition and management mode had no significant effect on the activity of catalase except for the other four kinds of soil enzyme activity. The addition of BC40 significantly promoted the activities of cellulase and nitrate reductase (P0.01), significantly inhibited the activities of sucrase, urease and acid phosphatase (P0.05), but had no significant effect on the activity of catalase. The inhibition of nitrogen deposition on sucrase and urease (P0.001) was significantly reduced by the application of biochar, but not on the other five enzymes. This study provides an important reference for understanding the response of soil ecosystem of Phyllostachys pubescens forest to nitrogen deposition, biomass carbon and management mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714

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