【摘要】：為探索硯山縣煙區(qū)適宜的起壟高度和施肥方式,以不同起壟高度、不同施肥方式二因素進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),研究了不同處理對(duì)土壤溫度和含水率、根系活力和干鮮重、烤煙生長發(fā)育、烤后煙葉物理特性、烤后煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分、和經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀等方面的影響,結(jié)果表明：(1)土壤溫度和含水率。煙苗移栽后的生長依賴水肥和溫度,而壟體土壤的溫度高低主要受太陽熱輻射的影響,起壟高度較低的壟體體積小,積溫更快,起壟高度越高土壤10cm土層溫度越低；而20cm土層相對(duì)于10cm土層溫度低1℃左右,溫度的上升存在一定的滯后性。起壟高度越高,土壤水勢(shì)越高,土壤含水率隨起壟高度的增加而降低,表層土壤的含水率較低,土壤越深含水率越高；施肥方式對(duì)土壤溫度和含水率的影響不大。(2)根系活力和干鮮重。團(tuán)棵期20cm壟高的根干鮮重較大,根系活力也較大,30cm壟高次之；旺長期和成熟期,20、30cm壟高的根干鮮重較大,根系活力也較強(qiáng),40cm壟高的根干鮮重較小,根系活力相對(duì)較弱；“101”施肥和環(huán)狀穴施相對(duì)于單層條施增加了煙株根系的干鮮重,單層條施的根系干鮮重和根系活力均較小。(3)烤煙生長發(fā)育。團(tuán)棵期20、30cm壟高的煙株株高、葉長和葉寬較大,40cm壟高的較小；“101”施肥和環(huán)狀穴施相對(duì)于單層條施增加了煙株的株高、葉長和葉寬。旺長期和成熟期,30cm壟高株高、葉長和葉寬較大,20cm壟高次之。(4)烤后煙葉物理特性。30cm壟高的烤后煙葉物理性狀總體上表現(xiàn)較好,20cm次之；總體上環(huán)狀穴施的烤后煙葉葉長和葉寬較大,“101”施肥次之。(5)烤后煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分�？竞笙虏咳~20cm壟高和30cm壟高的總糖含量和還原糖含量相差不大,烤后中部葉總糖和還原糖含量表現(xiàn)為30cm壟高20cm壟高40cm壟高,總體上表現(xiàn)為“101”施肥和環(huán)狀穴施的總糖和還原糖含量較高,而單層條施的總糖和還原糖含量較低。(6)經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀。20、40cm壟高產(chǎn)量稍低。30cm起壟高度的各處理中上等煙比例也較大,均價(jià)較高。綜合評(píng)價(jià),30cm起壟高度結(jié)合"101"施肥或環(huán)狀穴施,煙株在大田生長、烤后煙葉化學(xué)性狀和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)最佳。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the appropriate ridge height and fertilization method in Yanshan tobacco area, field experiments were conducted with different ridge height and different fertilization methods. The effects of different treatments on soil temperature and moisture content, root vigor and dry fresh weight were studied. The effects of the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, the physical characteristics of cured tobacco leaves, the intrinsic chemical composition and economic properties of cured tobacco leaves were discussed. The results showed that: (1) soil temperature and moisture content. The growth of tobacco seedlings after transplanting depended on water, fertilizer and temperature, while the soil temperature of ridging was mainly affected by solar heat radiation. The lower the ridge height was, the smaller the volume of ridge was, the faster the accumulated temperature was, and the higher the height of ridge was, the lower the soil 10cm soil temperature was. However, the temperature of 20cm soil layer is about 1 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2362883