【摘要】：土地是孕育生命的基本要素，健康的土地才能孕育健康的生命。在社會(huì)發(fā)展過程中，為追求經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)，人們對(duì)土地的掠奪式開發(fā)已對(duì)土地健康狀況造成影響。保持土地的健康狀態(tài)，對(duì)土地資源的可持續(xù)利用有著至關(guān)重要的作用。吉林黑土區(qū)是我國(guó)的糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)，其土地健康狀況對(duì)保障我國(guó)的糧食安全也起著不可或缺的作用。 本文在借鑒相關(guān)理論研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，以吉林黑土區(qū)土地為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其土地健康狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。首先，對(duì)土地健康概念、土地健康相關(guān)研究方法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。研究區(qū)共采集樣品62件，其中榆樹-松原15件，公主嶺-梨樹27件，九臺(tái)-德惠20件。根據(jù)樣品分析測(cè)試的結(jié)果，對(duì)研究區(qū)內(nèi)表層土壤中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素、重金屬元素及農(nóng)作物中營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素、重金屬元素的地球化學(xué)特征進(jìn)行分析�；谠氐厍蚧瘜W(xué)特征，確定土壤pH、速效鉀、交換性鈣、交換性鎂及微量元素為參評(píng)指標(biāo)，采用綜合指數(shù)法對(duì)研究區(qū)土地肥力狀況進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)；以As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn六種重金屬元素為參評(píng)指標(biāo)，依據(jù)《土地環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和《綠色食品產(chǎn)地環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況評(píng)價(jià)綱要》，采用內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法，對(duì)研究區(qū)土地環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)；以農(nóng)作物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn六種重金屬元素為參評(píng)指標(biāo)，根據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)NY861-2004》，采用內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法，對(duì)農(nóng)作物安全狀況進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)上述評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，從土地肥力、土地環(huán)境質(zhì)量、農(nóng)作物重金屬污染三方面構(gòu)建了黑土區(qū)土地健康評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，，選取了土壤pH值、有效B、有效Zn、有效Mo、有效As、有效Cd、有效Cr、有效Cu、有效Ni、玉米籽實(shí)中Ni的含量等10個(gè)指標(biāo)，采用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法對(duì)吉林黑土區(qū)土地健康狀況進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。論文得到以下主要結(jié)論： （1）通過土地肥力評(píng)價(jià)，可知研究區(qū)肥力狀況為榆樹-松原地區(qū)＞公主嶺-梨樹地區(qū)＞九臺(tái)-德惠地區(qū)。研究區(qū)土地肥力狀況受微量元素的限制，其中有效態(tài)B與有效態(tài)Mo為土地肥力主要限制性因素。造成九臺(tái)-德惠地區(qū)相對(duì)公主嶺-梨樹地區(qū)、榆樹-松原地區(qū)土地肥力較低的原因?yàn)樵搮^(qū)有效態(tài)Zn含量偏低。 （2）通過土地環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)，可知研究區(qū)土地環(huán)境質(zhì)量有已受人為活動(dòng)影響，重金屬元素近年來有增加的趨勢(shì)。但人為活動(dòng)并未影響土地環(huán)境質(zhì)量，研究區(qū)土地環(huán)境質(zhì)量非常好，處于Ⅰ級(jí)水平。 （3）通過農(nóng)作物重金屬污染評(píng)價(jià)，可知玉米籽實(shí)中重金屬元素含量全部在限量范圍內(nèi)，玉米籽實(shí)未受重金屬元素污染。 （4）通過土地健康評(píng)價(jià)，可知公主嶺-梨樹、九臺(tái)-德惠、榆樹-松原三個(gè)地區(qū)的土地健康狀況都處于健康水平，健康水平還有提升空間。健康水平由高到低依次為九臺(tái)-德惠、榆樹-松原、公主嶺-梨樹。
[Abstract]:Land is the basic element of life, healthy land can breed healthy life. In the process of social development, in order to pursue economic goals, land predatory development has had an impact on land health. Maintaining the healthy state of land plays an important role in the sustainable utilization of land resources. Jilin Black soil region is the main grain producing area of our country, and its land health condition also plays an indispensable role in ensuring the food security of our country. Based on the relevant theoretical research results, this paper evaluates the land health status in the Black soil region of Jilin Province. First of all, the concept of land health, land health related research methods are described in detail. A total of 62 samples were collected in the study area, of which 15 were from Yushu to Songyuan, 27 from Gongzhuling-pear, and 20 from Jiutai to Dehui. Based on the results of sample analysis, the geochemical characteristics of nutrient elements, heavy metal elements, nutrient elements in crops and heavy metal elements in the surface soil in the study area were analyzed. Based on the geochemical characteristics of elements, soil available potassium (pH,), exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and trace elements were determined as evaluation indexes, and the soil fertility in the study area was evaluated by comprehensive index method. Taking six heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn as the evaluation index, according to the standard of land environmental quality and the outline of environmental quality evaluation of green food producing area, the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero was used. The quality of land environment in the study area was evaluated. Taking six heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn in crops as the evaluation index, according to the agricultural industry standard NY861-2004 of the people's Republic of China, the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero was used to evaluate the safety of crops. According to the above evaluation results, the evaluation index system of land health in black soil area was constructed from three aspects: soil fertility, land environmental quality and crop heavy metal pollution. Soil pH value, effective B value, effective Zn, effective Mo, effective As, were selected. Effective Cd, effective Cr, effective Cu, effective Ni, maize seed content and other 10 indexes, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the land health status in Jilin black soil area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the evaluation of land fertility, the fertility status of the study area is Yushu-Songyuan area > Gongzhuling-Lish area > Jiutai-Dehui area. The soil fertility in the study area was restricted by trace elements, among which available form B and available Mo were the main limiting factors of land fertility. Compared with Gongzhuling-Lish area, the reason of low soil fertility in Jiutai-Dehui area is the low content of available Zn in this area. (2) through the evaluation of land environmental quality, it can be seen that the land environmental quality in the study area has been affected by human activities, and the heavy metal elements have been increasing in recent years. However, human activities did not affect the quality of the land environment. The land environmental quality in the study area was very good and was at the level of grade 鈪

本文編號(hào)：2357593