【摘要】：為了揭示腐植酸保水劑(WA)在減量施肥下的應(yīng)用效果,以不施肥(CK)為空白對(duì)照,設(shè)置全量施肥(Tf)、減少氮肥20%(Df-N 20%)、減少磷肥20%(Df-P 20%)、減少鉀肥20%(Df-K20%)以及在此基礎(chǔ)上配施WA(Tf-WA、Df-N 20%-WA、Df-P 20%-WA、Df-K 20%-WA),探究減量施肥條件下WA對(duì)玉米產(chǎn)量及白漿土養(yǎng)分含量的影響。結(jié)果表明:各施肥處理的玉米出苗率,灌漿期展開葉片數(shù)、株高、單葉葉面積,穗粒數(shù)及產(chǎn)量均較CK顯著增加。Df-N20%、Df-K 20%處理添加WA后使玉米產(chǎn)量分別顯著提高9.4%、13.4%;在Tf、Df-P 20%處理?xiàng)l件下配施WA則使產(chǎn)量顯著降低。Df-P 20%、Df-P 20%-WA處理玉米收獲期的土壤p H值較拔節(jié)期分別顯著降低3.7%、3.1%,加劇了白漿土的酸化進(jìn)程;與拔節(jié)期相比,玉米收獲期Df-K20%、Tf-WA、Df-P 20%-WA、Df-K 20%-WA處理白漿土有機(jī)質(zhì)含量分別顯著提高2.5%、2.1%、6.3%、4.4%,其余處理均不利于有機(jī)質(zhì)成分的積累,其中Df-N 20%-WA處理對(duì)有機(jī)質(zhì)的消耗程度最大,使其降低28.3%;與拔節(jié)期相比,玉米收獲期除CK白漿土全氮含量保持穩(wěn)定外,其余處理全氮含量均不同程度地降低,從降幅來(lái)看,Tf、Df-K 20%處理配施WA能夠緩解全氮含量的下降趨勢(shì),而Df-N 20%、Df-P 20%處理添加WA則增加其對(duì)全氮的利用;在各施肥基礎(chǔ)上配施WA對(duì)白漿土堿解氮含量沒(méi)有規(guī)律性影響,但Df-K 20%-WA處理能夠在一定程度上緩解堿解氮的下降趨勢(shì)、提高白漿土的有效磷含量,而Df-K 20%處理能夠有效促進(jìn)白漿土堿解氮的累積;除玉米灌漿期外,其余4個(gè)時(shí)期,添加WA的處理白漿土有效磷含量均較未施WA處理顯著提升;添加WA的各施肥處理均有利于玉米成熟期和收獲期白漿土速效鉀的消耗。綜上,以減少氮肥20%或減少鉀肥20%為前提,施用WA可增加玉米產(chǎn)量,前者不利于白漿土有機(jī)質(zhì)積累;無(wú)論是否配施WA,減少磷肥20%均可加速土壤酸化進(jìn)程;施肥能有效促進(jìn)白漿土全氮的消耗,但對(duì)堿解氮含量未見(jiàn)規(guī)律性影響。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the application effect of humic acid water-retaining agent (WA) under reduced fertilization, the total amount of (Tf), fertilizer was applied to reduce N fertilizer by 20% (Df-N 20%) and phosphorus fertilizer by 20% (Df-P 20%). Reduce potassium fertilizer by 20% (Df-K20%) and add WA to it (Tf-WA,Df-N 20-WA-Df-P20-WA-Df-K 20%-WA), To explore the effect of WA on maize yield and soil nutrient content under reduced fertilization. The results showed that the emergence rate of maize, the number of leaves at grain filling stage, plant height, leaf area per leaf, grain number per ear and yield of maize treated with different fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those of CK. The corn yield was increased significantly by adding WA to 20% Df-K treatment, and the corn yield was significantly increased by 9.4% and 13.4%, respectively. Under the condition of 20% Tf,Df-P, the yield of maize was significantly decreased by applying WA. The soil pH value of Df-P 20 + Df-P 20%-WA treatment was significantly lower than that of jointing stage, and the soil pH value of Df-P 20 + Df-P 20%-WA treatment was significantly lower than that of jointing stage, and the soil pH value was significantly lower than that of jointing stage. The acidification process of alpine soil is aggravated; Compared with jointing stage, the content of organic matter in aluminous soil treated with Df-K20%,Tf-WA,Df-P 20 and -WAF K 20%-WA at harvest stage was significantly higher than that at jointing stage. The other treatments were not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter components, among which the Df-N 20%-WA treatment had the largest consumption of organic matter, which reduced the content of organic matter by 28.3%. Compared with the jointing stage, the total nitrogen content of the other treatments decreased in varying degrees, except that the total nitrogen content in the CK clay soil remained stable at harvest stage. From the point of view of the decrease, the decreasing trend of the total nitrogen content could be alleviated in the 20% Tf,Df-K treatment combined with the application of WA. The addition of Df-N 20% Df-P 20% increased the utilization of total nitrogen. On the basis of different fertilization, the application of WA had no regular effect on the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, but the treatment of Df-K 20%-WA could alleviate the decreasing trend of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen to some extent and increase the content of available phosphorus in alpine soil. However, 20% Df-K treatment could effectively promote the accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in aluminous soil. With the exception of corn filling stage, the available phosphorus content of white soil treated with WA was significantly higher than that of no WA treatment, and the available potassium consumption of clay soil with adding WA was beneficial to the consumption of available potassium in the mature and harvest period of maize. On the premise of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20% or potassium fertilizer by 20%, the application of WA can increase maize yield, the former is not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter in albic soil, and the process of soil acidification can be accelerated whether or not the application of WA, reduces 20% of phosphate fertilizer. Fertilization could promote the consumption of total nitrogen, but had no regular effect on the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen.
【作者單位】： 吉林農(nóng)業(yè)科技學(xué)院農(nóng)學(xué)院;吉林省潤(rùn)禾灘地農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)有限公司;
【基金】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)科技學(xué)院青年基金項(xiàng)目(吉農(nóng)院合字[2014]第207號(hào),吉農(nóng)院合字[2015]第206號(hào));吉林農(nóng)業(yè)科技學(xué)院重點(diǎn)學(xué)科培育項(xiàng)目(吉農(nóng)院合字[2015]第X006號(hào),吉農(nóng)院合字[2015]第X009號(hào)) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41401251)
【分類號(hào)】：S158;S513

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