【摘要】：土壤鹽堿化和次生鹽堿化問題在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛存在,特別是干旱、半干旱地區(qū),問題更為嚴重。山西省共有鹽漬土30.13萬hm2,其中70%分布在大同盆地。本文針對山西大同盆地蘇打鹽化土分布較廣、危害嚴重、治理難度較大的現(xiàn)狀,選取山西省儲量豐富的高硫煤矸石為改良材料,通過室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗和原狀土柱模擬試驗,分析土壤的物理、化學指標,以及植物的生長,鹽分,酶活性指標,探索高硫煤矸石對蘇打鹽化土的改良效果,確定高硫煤矸石在大同盆地改良蘇打鹽化土的最佳粒徑和用量,旨在為我國的內(nèi)陸蘇打鹽化土化學改良方面提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結果如下:(1)通過在恒溫人工氣候箱中將各4種不同細度和用量的高硫煤矸石與蘇打鹽化土在濕潤的環(huán)境中進行混合培養(yǎng)。研究結果表明添加高硫煤矸石可明顯改善蘇打鹽化土的化學性狀,顯著降低土壤的pH、ESP、水溶性Na+含量,雖然增加了土壤中鹽分離子含量,但是產(chǎn)生毒害作用的鈉離子含量降低了。其中,當用量為32g/kg(煤矸石/土)、細度為70目的高硫煤矸石對蘇打鹽化土的效果最佳,相對于原始土來說,土壤的pH值降低了10.24%,ESP值降低了68.24%,交換性Na+降低了35.12%,EC值增加了46.30%。(2)通過土柱淋溶試驗可知:土壤淋洗液中的pH隨高硫煤矸石用量的增加逐漸降低,受淋洗次數(shù)的影響較小。EC和水溶性鈉離子變化趨勢較為一致,與高硫煤矸石用量呈正相關,與淋洗次數(shù)呈負相關。(3)高硫煤矸石和純水淋洗的共同作用下,處理為32 g/kg對0-20 cm表層土壤的理化性狀影響效果最好。與CK相比:土壤容重降低了5.09%,土壤總孔隙度增加了34.27%,土壤pH降低了11.07%,ESP降低了85.33%,土壤EC值較原始土有所增加,但與對照相比沒有顯著性差異,土壤中的水溶性Na+含量最低,為0.11 cmol/kg;CO32-含量未檢測到;高硫煤矸石用量為48 g/kg時,土壤中的Ca2+含量顯著高于其他處理,其次為處理32 g/kg;各處理中SO42-與對照相比,變化不明顯,仍有緩慢下降的趨勢。(4)高硫煤矸石可促進柳枝稷的生長發(fā)育,用量為32 g/kg時,出苗率為66.17%,植株的株高為54.67 cm,植株的干鮮重、根系干鮮重達到最大值;植株的K/Na比最大,為1.83;植物體中的兩種酶活性最大,相對于對照分別增加了225.87%和20.07%。
[Abstract]:The problems of soil salinization and secondary salinization are widespread all over the world, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. There are 301300 hm2, salinized soils in Shanxi Province, of which 70% are distributed in Datong Basin. In view of the fact that the soda-salinized soil in Datong Basin of Shanxi Province is widely distributed, seriously harmful and difficult to manage, the rich high-sulfur coal gangue in Shanxi Province is selected as the improved material, and the indoor culture test and the undisturbed soil column simulation test are carried out. The physical and chemical indexes of soil, plant growth, salt content and enzyme activity index were analyzed. The improvement effect of high-sulfur coal gangue on soda-salinized soil was explored, and the optimum particle size and dosage of high-sulfur coal gangue in improving soda-salinized soil in Datong Basin were determined. The aim is to provide theoretical basis for chemical improvement of inland soda salinized soil in China. The main results are as follows: (1) four kinds of high-sulfur coal gangue with different fineness and dosage were mixed with soda-salinized soil in humid environment. The results showed that the addition of high-sulfur coal gangue could obviously improve the chemical properties of soda-salinized soil and decrease the content of pH,ESP, water-soluble Na in soil, although it increased the content of salt ion in soil. But the toxic sodium ion content decreased. When the dosage is 32g/kg (coal gangue / soil) and the fineness is 70 objectives, the effect of high-sulfur gangue on soda-salinized soil is the best. Compared with the original soil, the pH value of soil decreases 10.24% and 68.24%. The EC value of exchangeable Na decreased 35.12% and increased by 46.30%. (2) through soil column leaching experiment, the pH in soil eluate decreased gradually with the increase of the amount of high-sulfur coal gangue. The change trend of EC and water-soluble sodium ions was consistent, which was positively correlated with the amount of high-sulfur gangue and negatively correlated with the times of leaching. (3) under the combined action of high-sulfur coal gangue and pure water leaching, The effect of 32 g/kg treatment on the physical and chemical properties of topsoil was the best in 0-20 cm. Compared with CK, soil bulk density decreased 5.09%, soil total porosity increased 34.27%, soil pH decreased 11.07% and 85.33%, soil EC increased compared with original soil. But there was no significant difference compared with the control. The content of water-soluble Na in soil was the lowest (0.11 cmol/kg;). When the amount of high-sulfur gangue was 48 g/kg, the content of Ca2 in soil was significantly higher than that in other treatments, followed by the treatment of 32 g / kg. (4) High sulfur gangue can promote the growth and development of switchgrass. When the dosage is 32 g/kg, the seedling emergence rate is 66.177.The plant height is 54.67 cm,. The dry fresh weight of the plant and the dry fresh weight of the root reached the maximum value. The K/Na ratio of the plant was the largest (1.83), and the activity of two enzymes in the plant was the largest, which increased by 225.87% and 20.07%, respectively, compared with the control.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S156.4

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