【摘要】：土壤酶是能夠催化土壤中大部分生化反應(yīng)的生物活性物質(zhì),是反映土壤質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo),被廣泛用于評價(jià)土壤營養(yǎng)循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)化狀況及各類農(nóng)業(yè)措施的使用效果。種稻是改良蘇打鹽堿地最有效的措施之一,前期研究資料多以土壤理化指標(biāo)的改變?yōu)橹攸c(diǎn)來探討種稻對鹽堿地的改良成效,缺乏生物學(xué)性狀對土壤肥力變化的影響,本研究從土壤基本理化性質(zhì)以及有機(jī)質(zhì)等養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)入手,將生物學(xué)指標(biāo)融匯其中,豐富了改良后土壤養(yǎng)分生物化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化過程的理論依據(jù),對于完善種稻改良鹽堿地機(jī)理的完整性以及擴(kuò)展土壤肥力的綜合指標(biāo)評價(jià)具有重要意義。本研究以吉林省前郭縣套浩太鄉(xiāng)堿巴拉村未經(jīng)改良的廢棄草原土壤作為對照,分別采集改良不同年限、不同土層深度的蘇打鹽堿地水田土壤為研究對象,取樣后進(jìn)行研究分析,測定了過氧化氫酶、過氧化物酶、堿性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶的酶活性及土壤養(yǎng)分的含量,分析了五種土壤酶在不同年限間、不同土層深度的變化規(guī)律及其與土壤養(yǎng)分之間的關(guān)系,其主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.隨種稻年限和土層深度的增加,過氧化氫酶、堿性磷酸酶活性總體呈下降趨勢;過氧化物酶活性在耕作層、犁底層總體呈下降趨勢,心土層表現(xiàn)為規(guī)律性波動上升;脲酶、蔗糖酶活性在耕作層均為逐年增強(qiáng),而兩種酶的活性在犁底層和心土層表現(xiàn)的規(guī)律不明顯。2.在不同種稻年限的耕作層中,蔗糖酶活性與脲酶活性達(dá)極顯著正相關(guān),過氧化氫酶活性與蔗糖酶活性呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與脲酶活性呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);過氧化物酶與過氧化氫酶、堿性磷酸酶呈顯著正相關(guān),與蔗糖酶呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);犁底層中,各種酶活性之間均未達(dá)到顯著相關(guān)。心土層中,過氧化物酶活性與蔗糖酶活性呈顯著正相關(guān),與耕作層相關(guān)性不同。3.隨著種稻年限的增加,與對照相比,相同土層深度間pH呈現(xiàn)逐年降低的趨勢,而有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、堿解氮含量呈現(xiàn)逐年升高的趨勢,土壤全磷、速效磷含量在耕作層表現(xiàn)為逐年上升,其它層次間沒有顯著變化規(guī)律;土壤全鉀、速效鉀含量在各層次間均沒有特殊規(guī)律。4.耕作層中,過氧化氫酶、過氧化物酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀等相關(guān)性達(dá)顯著或極顯著水平,堿性磷酸酶未發(fā)現(xiàn)與養(yǎng)分因子的相關(guān)性,除過氧化氫酶外,堿性磷酸酶連同其他三種土壤酶與pH均有不同程度的相關(guān)性;犁底層中,土壤脲酶與速效鉀、速效磷相關(guān)性都達(dá)到顯著以上,并且脲酶與過氧化物酶活性與pH均呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān);心土層中,過氧化氫酶活性與pH值呈顯著正相關(guān)。隨著改良年限的增加,供試土壤酶活性均受到土壤養(yǎng)分不同程度的影響,且酶活性間及其與土壤養(yǎng)分間都存在很好的相關(guān)性,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同種稻年限耕作層土壤酶活性間的相關(guān)性及其與土壤養(yǎng)分間的相關(guān)性都好于犁底層和心土層。
[Abstract]:Soil enzyme is a bioactive substance that can catalyze most biochemical reactions in soil and is an important index to reflect soil quality. It is widely used to evaluate the status of soil nutrient cycling and the effect of various agricultural measures. Planting rice is one of the most effective measures to improve soda-saline-alkali land. The previous research data focused on the change of soil physical and chemical indexes to discuss the effect of rice planting on the improvement of saline-alkali land, and the effect of lack of biological characters on soil fertility. In this study, the basic physical and chemical properties of soil and the nutrient indexes such as organic matter were merged into the biological indexes, which enriched the theoretical basis for the biochemical transformation of soil nutrients. It is of great significance to improve the integrity of the mechanism of improving saline-alkali land and to evaluate the comprehensive index of soil fertility. In this study, the unimproved waste steppe soil in Qianguo County, Jilin Province, was used as the control, and the paddy soil of soda saline-alkali land with different years and different soil depth was collected and analyzed after sampling. The enzyme activities of catalase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, sucrase and the content of soil nutrients were determined. The variation of soil depth and its relationship with soil nutrients are studied as follows: 1. The activity of catalase and alkaline phosphatase decreased with the increase of planting years and depth of soil layer, the activity of peroxidase in cultivated layer, plow bottom layer, and core layer showed a regular fluctuation. The activities of urease and sucrase increased year by year in the cultivated layer, but the activity of the two enzymes was not obvious in the bottom layer of plow and the soil layer of the heart. 2. The activity of sucrase was positively correlated with urease activity, catalase activity was negatively correlated with sucrase activity, and urease activity was negatively correlated with urease activity. Peroxidase was positively correlated with catalase and alkaline phosphatase, but negatively correlated with sucrase. The peroxidase activity was positively correlated with sucrase activity in the soil layer and was different from that in cultivated layer. With the increase of rice years, compared with the control, the pH of the same soil depth decreased year by year, while the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen increased year by year, and the total phosphorus of the soil increased year by year. The content of available phosphorus in tilling layer increased year by year, but there was no significant change among other layers. The contents of total potassium and available potassium in soil have no special rules among different levels. 4. In tilling layer, the correlation between catalase, peroxidase, urease, sucrase and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was significant or extremely significant, but alkaline phosphatase was not correlated with nutrient factor. In addition to catalase, alkaline phosphatase and three other soil enzymes were correlated with pH to some extent. Soil urease and available potassium and available phosphorus were significantly correlated in the bottom layer of plow, and urease and peroxidase activity were negatively correlated with pH, while in heart soil, catalase activity was positively correlated with pH value. With the increase of the number of years of improvement, the soil enzyme activities were affected by soil nutrients to varying degrees, and there was a good correlation between the enzyme activities and soil nutrients. The correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients in cultivated layer of different rice years was better than that in plow bottom layer and core soil layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S154.2;S158
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本文編號：2346218