【摘要】：采用田間網(wǎng)袋取樣的方式,在等氮量,有機(jī)氮占20%的條件下,研究牛糞、雞糞、沼渣、秸稈等有機(jī)肥與化肥配施對(duì)植煙土壤NPK轉(zhuǎn)化及烤煙香氣物質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明:不同有機(jī)肥配施后土壤各形態(tài)氮素及脲酶活性明顯提高,有機(jī)肥配施各處理優(yōu)于單純施用化肥處理,其中油枯、雞糞和雞糞秸稈表現(xiàn)突出。廄肥與秸稈混施有利于土壤全磷的分解礦化,其中雞糞類和牛糞類處理效果要優(yōu)于沼渣類處理,各處理間土壤有效磷變化差異性顯著,現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)含量范圍內(nèi)土壤磷酸酶活性并未受到有效磷含量的拮抗作用,土壤有效磷含量仍有進(jìn)一步提升的空間。各處理肥料施入土壤后,土壤各形態(tài)鉀素含量明顯提高,有機(jī)肥處理與化肥對(duì)照間差異明顯,且同種肥料間,廄肥與廄肥秸稈混合處理間差異明顯。各有機(jī)肥處理相對(duì)于純化肥對(duì)照均提高了烤煙全氮和鉀離子含量。除秸稈外各有機(jī)肥處理均起到了降低烤煙中煙堿含量的作用,有機(jī)肥處理的糖/煙堿比均在優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的糖/煙堿、氮/煙堿比范圍內(nèi),處理間存在明顯差異。處理均對(duì)烤煙葉片中總揮發(fā)性香氣物質(zhì)有較大程度的提高,牛糞、牛糞秸稈、雞糞、雞糞秸稈、沼渣、沼渣秸稈、秸稈、油枯處理增幅分別是407.62μg/g、310.13μg/g、304.90μg/g、231.17μg/g、260.47μg/g、241.62μg/g、75.77μg/g、345.32μg/g,且單一廄肥處理均高于同種類有機(jī)肥秸稈混施處理。各有機(jī)肥配施明顯提高了烤煙中類胡蘿卜素產(chǎn)物和西柏烷類降解產(chǎn)物含量,其中牛糞及牛糞秸稈處理表現(xiàn)較優(yōu)。有機(jī)肥施用后,處理間土壤養(yǎng)分產(chǎn)生明顯差異,對(duì)煙株養(yǎng)分供給的時(shí)間、數(shù)量、持久性產(chǎn)生了明顯差異,最終導(dǎo)致不同處理間,烤煙化學(xué)成分,香氣物質(zhì)含量、比例產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。牛糞、雞糞、油枯處理供肥規(guī)律較適合烤煙生長(zhǎng)的養(yǎng)分需求,在化學(xué)成分含量、比例及工業(yè)評(píng)吸效果方面表優(yōu)異。
[Abstract]:Under the condition of equal nitrogen content and organic nitrogen accounting for 20%, the effects of organic manure, cow manure, chicken manure, biogas residue and straw on NPK transformation of tobacco soil and aroma substances of flue-cured tobacco were studied by using the method of net bag sampling in the field. The results showed that the nitrogen and urease activity of different organic fertilizers were significantly increased, and the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was better than that of chemical fertilizer alone, especially oil withered, chicken manure and chicken manure straw. The mixed application of manure and straw was beneficial to the decomposition and mineralization of soil total phosphorus, among which chicken manure and cow dung treatment were better than biogas treatment, and there were significant differences in the changes of soil available phosphorus among the treatments. Soil phosphatase activity was not antagonized by available phosphorus content in the range of available data, and there was still room for further improvement of soil available phosphorus content. After the fertilizer was applied into the soil, the content of potassium in all forms of soil increased obviously, the difference between organic fertilizer treatment and fertilizer control was obvious, and the difference between the same fertilizer and mixed treatment of manure and manure straw was obvious. The total nitrogen and potassium contents of flue-cured tobacco were increased by each organic fertilizer treatment compared with the pure chemical fertilizer control. All organic fertilizer treatments except straw played a role in reducing nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco. The sugar / nicotine ratio of organic fertilizer treatment was within the range of sugar / nicotine and nitrogen / nicotine ratio of high quality tobacco leaves, and there were significant differences between the treatments. The total volatile aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves were increased to a great extent by treatment. The increase of cow manure straw, chicken manure straw, biogas residue straw and oil withered treatment were 407.62 渭 g / g, 310.13 渭 g / g, respectively. 304.90 渭 g / g, 231.17 渭 g / g, 260.47 渭 g / g, 241.62 渭 g / g, 75.77 渭 g / g, 345.32 渭 g / g, and the single manure treatment was higher than the mixed treatment of the same kind of organic manure straw. The content of carotenoid products and siparane degradation products in flue-cured tobacco was significantly increased by combined application of various organic fertilizers, among which cattle dung and cow manure straw treatments were better. After the application of organic fertilizer, there were obvious differences in soil nutrients between treatments, and there were significant differences in the time, quantity and persistence of nutrient supply among tobacco plants, which resulted in the chemical composition and aroma substance content of flue-cured tobacco among different treatments. The proportion has a significant effect. Cow manure, chicken dung and oil withered treatments were suitable for nutrient requirement of flue-cured tobacco growth, and had excellent chemical composition content, proportion and industrial evaluation effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S572;S158

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