【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)以桂糖40和柳城05136為供試材料,在廣西南寧市賓陽縣廖平農(nóng)場進(jìn)行甘蔗機(jī)械收獲和甘蔗人工收獲試驗(yàn)。在甘蔗生長的不同時(shí)期分別研究兩個(gè)甘蔗品種機(jī)械收獲對(duì)宿根蔗生長、甘蔗農(nóng)藝和產(chǎn)量性狀、土壤理化性狀、根際土壤酶活性和根際微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:一、不同品種甘蔗機(jī)械收獲處理的碾壓會(huì)導(dǎo)致蔗地土壤容重增大和土壤含水量減少,但隨著甘蔗的生長和開壟松蔸,土壤容重和土壤含水量的差異越來越小。機(jī)械收獲處理土壤中的速效氮含量下降,速效磷和速效鉀的變化跟品種有一定的關(guān)系。機(jī)收處理降低了甘蔗宿根的發(fā)株數(shù)和分蘗數(shù)。兩個(gè)品種機(jī)收處理的株高、莖徑、蔗莖產(chǎn)量和蔗糖分沒有明顯差異。研究結(jié)果表明,進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)的兩個(gè)甘蔗品種機(jī)械收獲和人工收獲相比較對(duì)宿根蔗沒有顯著性影響。二、不同品種甘蔗的機(jī)械收獲處理在一定程度上提高了根際土壤蔗糖酶活性,而降低了根際土壤脲酶活性。但隨著甘蔗的生長和開壟松蔸,兩個(gè)處理的土壤酶活性之間差異越來越小。三、Chao1指數(shù)和ACE指數(shù)表明,甘蔗機(jī)收處理能提高真菌物種豐富度,而不同品種細(xì)菌物種的豐富度在不同的時(shí)期表現(xiàn)不同。香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)表明,甘蔗機(jī)收處理能提高真菌多樣性,而不同細(xì)菌物種多樣性在不同的時(shí)期表現(xiàn)不同。高通量數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示不同品種不同處理甘蔗在不同時(shí)期根際土壤微生物群落呈明顯的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,真菌群落在門分類水平上,Ascomycota、Unknown和Basidiomyccota為優(yōu)勢類群,機(jī)收處理降低了Ascomycota的豐度,而升高了Basidimycota的豐度。細(xì)菌群落以Proteobacteria和Acidobacteria為優(yōu)勢類群,在分蘗期,機(jī)收處理升高了Acidobacteria的豐度,而降低了Actinobacteria的豐度。成熟期,機(jī)收處理降低了 Proteobacteria的豐度。冗余分析表明主要真菌類群受土壤中pH和堿解氮的影響,但均未達(dá)到顯著水平;速效磷、堿解氮是影響細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)的重要因子。
[Abstract]:Using Guitang 40 and Liucheng 05136 as experimental materials, the experiment of sugarcane mechanical harvesting and artificial harvesting of sugarcane was carried out at Liao Ping Farm, Binyang County, Nanning City, Guangxi. The effects of mechanical harvesting of two sugarcane varieties on the growth, agronomic and yield characters, physical and chemical properties of soil, enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil and the structure of rhizosphere microbial community were studied at different stages of sugarcane growth. The results are as follows: firstly, the soil bulk density and soil water content of sugarcane field increased and soil water content decreased by mechanical harvesting treatment of different varieties of sugarcane, but with the growth of sugarcane and ridge cutting, the difference of soil bulk density and soil water content was smaller and smaller. The content of available nitrogen in soil was decreased, and the changes of available phosphorus and potassium were related to the varieties. The number of shoots and tillers of sugarcane roots was decreased by mechanical harvesting. There was no significant difference in plant height, stem diameter, cane yield and sucrose content between the two varieties. The results showed that there was no significant difference between mechanical harvesting and artificial harvest on ratoon cane. Secondly, mechanical harvesting of different sugarcane varieties increased sucrase activity in rhizosphere soil to some extent, but decreased urease activity in rhizosphere soil. But with the growth of sugarcane and ridging, the difference of soil enzyme activity between the two treatments was smaller and smaller. Thirdly, Chao1 index and ACE index showed that bagasse harvesting could increase the species richness of fungi, but the species richness of different species of bacteria was different in different periods. Shannon diversity index showed that bagasse harvesting could increase the diversity of fungi, but the diversity of different bacterial species was different in different periods. High-throughput data analysis showed that the microbial communities of rhizosphere soil of sugarcane treated with different varieties and different treatments showed obvious dynamic changes at different stages. In the taxonomic level of fungi community, Ascomycota,Unknown and Basidiomyccota were the dominant groups, and the abundance of Ascomycota was decreased by mechanical harvesting. However, the abundance of Basidimycota was increased. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant groups in bacterial community. At tillering stage, the yield of Acidobacteria was increased and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased. At the mature stage, the Proteobacteria abundance was reduced by the mechanical harvesting treatment. Redundancy analysis showed that the main fungi groups were affected by pH and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil, but all of them did not reach the significant level, and available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were important factors affecting the structure of bacterial community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S566.1;S154

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