【摘要】：在天津市武清區(qū)黏質(zhì)潮土日光溫室,通過田間土壤剖面實地連續(xù)監(jiān)測,研究了滴灌栽培西紅柿條件下土壤濕潤鋒水平、垂直運移規(guī)律和土壤含水量的分布特征。結(jié)果表明:滴灌開始后,濕潤鋒水平方向的移動距離在0.5 h內(nèi)能達(dá)到10 cm以上,在1 h內(nèi)能達(dá)到12 cm以上,在停止灌溉后移動距離仍然繼續(xù)增大,灌溉后1.5 d后基本穩(wěn)定在14.5~15.0 cm。滴灌后濕潤鋒垂直方向的移動距離,在0.5 h能達(dá)到30 cm以上,停止灌溉后仍能繼續(xù)下移,6 h能達(dá)到49.5~53.0 cm,滴灌后1.5 d穩(wěn)定在52.5~55.7 cm。濕潤鋒水平方向、垂直方向移動距離與灌水定額呈正相關(guān)。灌溉后6~10 h滴孔正下方20~40 cm土層土壤含水量達(dá)到最大值,然后逐漸降低,灌水定額越大,達(dá)到最大值的用時越短。滴灌后3 h的滴孔正下方20~40 cm土層土壤含水量達(dá)到33.0%~34.0%,距滴孔水平距離10 cm處為30.0%~31.0%;灌溉后6 h距滴孔水平距離15 cm處的20~40 cm土層土壤含水量28.0%~29.0%,土壤相對濕度81%~84%。20~40 cm土層適宜作物生長土壤含水量的持續(xù)時間隨灌水定額增大而增長,灌水定額135 m3/hm2為8 d,而180 m3/hm2為11 d。灌水后10 d的0~20 cm土層土壤含水量降至28.0%~28.5%,土壤相對濕度80.0%~82.0%,20~40 cm土層土壤含水量30.5%~31.2%。在黏重土壤日光溫室西紅柿灌水定額為135~180 m3/hm2時,需要間隔10 d左右灌水一次。
[Abstract]:The distribution of soil moisture front, vertical migration and soil moisture content were studied by continuous field monitoring of soil profile in a solar greenhouse in Wuqing area, Tianjin, under the condition of drip irrigation and tomato cultivation. The results showed that the moving distance in horizontal direction of wetting front could reach more than 10 cm within 0. 5 h and more than 12 cm within 1 h after drip irrigation, and the moving distance was still increasing after stopping irrigation. After 1. 5 d irrigation, it was stable at 14. 5 min. 15.0 cm.. After drip irrigation, the vertical moving distance of the wetting front can reach more than 30 cm at 0.5 h, and continue to move down after stopping irrigation, and stable at 52.5 cm. 55.7 cm. at 1.5 d after drip irrigation for 6 h, 49.5U 53.0 cm, after drip irrigation. There was a positive correlation between the horizontal direction and vertical direction of the wetting front and the irrigation quota. The soil moisture content reached the maximum at 20 ~ 40 cm directly below the drip hole at 6 ~ 10 h after irrigation, and then decreased gradually. The larger the irrigation quota was, the shorter the time was to reach the maximum value. 3 h after drip irrigation, the soil water content in the soil layer of 20 ~ 40 cm below the drip hole reached 33.0 and 34.0, and the distance from the horizontal drop hole to the drip hole was 30.010 cm. The soil moisture content of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer at the distance of 15 cm from the drip hole within 6 h after irrigation was 28.0 ~ 29.0, and the duration of soil moisture content in the soil layer suitable for crop growth increased with the increase of irrigation quota, and the soil relative humidity was 81 ~ (84). 20 ~ (40) cm soil layer was suitable for crop growth. The irrigation quota was 8 days for 135m3/hm2 and 11 days for 180 m3/hm2. 10 days after irrigation, the soil water content in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer decreased to 28.0 ~ 28.50.The relative humidity of the soil was 80.020 ~ 2040 cm, and the soil moisture content was 30.5% ~ 31.2%. When the irrigation quota of tomato in the sticky soil greenhouse was 135 ~ 180 m3/hm2, the irrigation interval was about 10 days.
【作者單位】： 天津市農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境研究所;天津科潤農(nóng)業(yè)科技股份有限公司蔬菜研究所;天津市現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新基地管理中心;
【基金】：公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項經(jīng)費項目(201303133;201203003)
【分類號】：S152.7;S275.6

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