【摘要】：采用盆栽試驗(yàn),研究了黃土丘陵區(qū)撂荒群落演替序列種(即,黃土丘陵區(qū)摞荒群落演替主要階段的優(yōu)勢(shì)種)根系對(duì)氮素施肥方式和水平的形態(tài)響應(yīng),對(duì)了解我國(guó)氮沉降增加背景下的群落生態(tài)效應(yīng)及人為施肥干擾促進(jìn)植被恢復(fù)具有較好的理論和實(shí)踐意義。測(cè)試并分析了6個(gè)演替序列種在不同施氮方式(勻質(zhì)和異質(zhì)施氮)和水平(高、低和無(wú)氮對(duì)照)條件下植株個(gè)體生物量指標(biāo)(地上及地下生物量和根冠比)、根系形態(tài)指標(biāo)(根長(zhǎng)、直徑、表面積、比根長(zhǎng)和比表面積)的變化及其差異顯著性;并且利用根鉆法和單樣本T檢驗(yàn)比較了異質(zhì)施氮方式下施氮斑塊與不施氮斑塊根系形態(tài)指標(biāo)的差異。結(jié)果表明:1)6種演替序列種地上、地下生物量和根冠比存在種間固有差別,施氮方式和水平整體上對(duì)三者無(wú)顯著影響;施氮方式和植物種類(lèi)對(duì)根冠比存在顯著交互作用,說(shuō)明個(gè)別種的根冠比對(duì)施氮方式響應(yīng)明顯,其中豬毛蒿根冠比在異質(zhì)施氮方式下顯著高于勻質(zhì)施氮。2)6種演替序列種根系塑形指標(biāo)包括比根長(zhǎng)、比表面積和直徑存在種間差別,并且施氮水平對(duì)比根長(zhǎng)影響顯著,高、低施氮水平下比根長(zhǎng)都顯著低于不施氮對(duì)照。3)狗尾草和鐵桿蒿分別在異質(zhì)高氮和異質(zhì)低氮條件下施氮斑塊根系生物量密度顯著高于未施氮斑塊;豬毛蒿在異質(zhì)高氮條件下施氮斑塊發(fā)生了更多的伸長(zhǎng)生長(zhǎng),其根長(zhǎng)、根表面積、比根長(zhǎng)和比表面積在施氮斑塊中的密度顯著高于未施氮斑塊;豬毛蒿和狗尾草在異質(zhì)高氮條件下,以及白羊草在異質(zhì)低氮條件下,其根系直徑在施氮斑塊顯著小于未施氮斑塊。從根系形態(tài)變化敏感性和施氮對(duì)促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)來(lái)看,演替過(guò)程中演替序列種對(duì)施氮響應(yīng)的敏感性總體上呈降低趨勢(shì),前期種對(duì)施氮響應(yīng)更敏感,從施氮獲利也更多,因而恢復(fù)前期進(jìn)行人為干擾促進(jìn)植被恢復(fù)效果也會(huì)更好。
[Abstract]:Pot experiment was carried out to study the morphological responses of root system of abandoned communities succession sequence species (i.e. dominant species in main stages of succession) to nitrogen fertilization patterns and levels in loess hilly region. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the ecological effect of community and the disturbance of artificial fertilization to promote vegetation restoration under the background of increasing nitrogen deposition in China. The individual biomass indexes (aboveground and underground biomass and root / shoot ratio) of 6 succession sequence species under different nitrogen application patterns (homogeneous and heterogeneous nitrogen application) and levels (high, low and no nitrogen control) were tested and analyzed. The changes of root morphological indexes (root length, diameter, surface area, specific root length and specific surface area) and their differences were significant. Root drilling method and single sample T test were used to compare the root morphological indexes between different nitrogen application patterns and no nitrogen application patches. The results were as follows: 1) there were inherent differences in aboveground biomass and root-shoot ratio among 6 succession sequence species, but nitrogen application pattern and level had no significant effect on them; There was significant interaction between nitrogen application mode and plant species on root / shoot ratio, which indicated that root and shoot ratio of individual species had obvious response to nitrogen application mode. The root / shoot ratio of Artemisia annua was significantly higher than that of uniform nitrogen application in different nitrogen application modes. 2) the root shape-forming indexes of 6 succession sequence species included specific root length, specific surface area and diameter, and the effect of nitrogen application level on root length was significant and high. The specific root length at low nitrogen application level was significantly lower than that under no nitrogen application control. 3) the root biomass density of the root system in the condition of heterogeneity high nitrogen application and heterogenous low nitrogen application was significantly higher than that of no nitrogen patch. The root length, root surface area, specific root length and specific surface area of Artemisia pubescens were significantly higher in nitrogen patches than in those without nitrogen application. The root diameter of Artemisia hyacinth and Salvia chinensis were significantly smaller than that of non-nitrogen patches under heterogeneity and low nitrogen application conditions, and the root diameter of Artemisia annua was significantly smaller than that of non-nitrogen patches under the condition of heterogeneity and low nitrogen. According to the sensitivity of root morphological changes and nitrogen application to promote plant growth, the sensitivity of succession sequence species to nitrogen application showed a decreasing trend in general, and earlier species were more sensitive to nitrogen application and benefited more from nitrogen application. Therefore, the effect of artificial disturbance in the early stage of restoration to promote vegetation restoration will be better.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所;中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41271526)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S143.1

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