【摘要】：近年來(lái)我國(guó)的水利管道工程建設(shè)事業(yè)得到快速的發(fā)展,同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了日益嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,然而這一問(wèn)題往往被忽視。對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞主要發(fā)生在建設(shè)施工期間,如不采取有效防治措施將會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)危機(jī)。本文針對(duì)水利管道工程建設(shè)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響,以保定市南水北調(diào)配套工程水廠以上工程為例,通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)查和資料的收集分析,在總結(jié)現(xiàn)有管道工程環(huán)境治理實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)管道工程建設(shè)中的環(huán)境污染和水土流失兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究。以層次分析法和年侵蝕量模型法對(duì)主要污染源及其污染程度和水土流失量進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,揭示了管道工程建設(shè)期間對(duì)環(huán)境的影響,并制定防治原則。本研究有助于減少水利管道工程對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞,具有促進(jìn)管道工程建設(shè)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義與環(huán)境效益。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、管道工程建設(shè)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響主要表現(xiàn)在環(huán)境污染和水土流失兩個(gè)方面。環(huán)境污染主要包括大氣污染、噪聲污染、固體廢棄物、水污染、農(nóng)田植被環(huán)境污染五個(gè)污染方面。管道工程建設(shè)易產(chǎn)生水土流失的敏感區(qū)域主要發(fā)生在工程管理區(qū)、一般主體工程區(qū)、穿河流段主體工程區(qū)、施工臨時(shí)道路區(qū)、臨時(shí)堆土區(qū)、施工營(yíng)地和棄渣場(chǎng)。2、建立了基于層次分析法的管道工程施工期環(huán)境影響綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型,以五個(gè)主要污染源作為準(zhǔn)則層,細(xì)分污染源作為指標(biāo)層。分析結(jié)果表明,準(zhǔn)則層內(nèi)固體廢棄物環(huán)境污染程度最為嚴(yán)重,制約性貢獻(xiàn)值達(dá)到了0.98,其次為噪聲污染與農(nóng)田植被環(huán)境污染,制約性貢獻(xiàn)值皆為0.36;指標(biāo)層內(nèi)施工中產(chǎn)生的廢棄物造成的環(huán)境影響制約性貢獻(xiàn)值最大(0.9),其次為對(duì)農(nóng)田植被的破壞(0.3624)、施工機(jī)械產(chǎn)生的噪聲(0.2872)以及施工時(shí)產(chǎn)生的廢水(0.2584)。固體廢棄物主要通過(guò)填埋和植被種植進(jìn)行防治,水污染的主要防治措施為土地滲濾系統(tǒng),噪聲污染則是通過(guò)加強(qiáng)管理來(lái)進(jìn)行防治,農(nóng)田植被破壞則通過(guò)施工后的人工植被恢復(fù)來(lái)治理。3、管道工程建設(shè)所產(chǎn)生的水土流失總量預(yù)測(cè)值為8922.55t,而原地貌的水土流失量在0~2440t之間。工程建設(shè)所產(chǎn)生的水土流失量是原地貌水土流失最大量的3.66倍。其中,一般主體工程區(qū)水土流失量為4353.66t,占總流失量的49%,需要對(duì)此進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)防治。管道工程建設(shè)所產(chǎn)生的水土流失的防治措施主要包括工程措施、植物措施和臨時(shí)措施,可通過(guò)修建泥漿池、沉砂池、種草植樹(shù)、土地復(fù)耕、表土回覆等方法來(lái)進(jìn)行防治。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of water conservancy pipelines in China has been developed rapidly, but also brought about increasingly serious environmental problems, but this problem is often ignored. The damage to ecological environment mainly occurs during construction and construction. If effective prevention and control measures are not taken, serious ecological crisis will occur. In view of the influence of water conservancy pipeline construction on the environment, taking the above project of Baoding South-to-North Water transfer Project as an example, through field investigation and data collection and analysis, the paper summarizes the practical experience of environmental management of existing pipeline engineering. Environmental pollution and soil erosion in pipeline construction are studied. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the annual erosion model method, the main pollution sources, their pollution and soil and water loss were statistically analyzed, and the effects on the environment during the pipeline construction were revealed, and the prevention and control principles were worked out. This study is helpful to reduce the damage to ecological environment caused by water conservancy pipeline engineering, promote the harmonious development of pipeline engineering construction and social economy, and have important practical significance and environmental benefit to ecological environment. The main results are as follows: 1. The effects of pipeline construction on the environment are mainly reflected in two aspects: environmental pollution and soil erosion. Environmental pollution mainly includes five aspects: air pollution, noise pollution, solid waste, water pollution and farmland vegetation pollution. The sensitive areas prone to soil erosion in pipeline construction mainly occur in the project management area, the general main engineering area, the main project area through the river section, the temporary road construction area, the temporary pile soil area, the construction camp and the dump site. A comprehensive assessment model of environmental impact during pipeline construction period based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is established. Five main pollution sources are taken as criterion layer and subdivision pollution source as index layer. The results showed that the environmental pollution of solid waste in the standard layer was the most serious, the contribution value of restraint reached 0.98, the second was noise pollution and farmland vegetation environmental pollution, and the contribution value of restraint was 0.36; The environmental impact contribution caused by the waste generated in the index layer construction is the largest (0. 9), followed by the damage to farmland vegetation (0.3624). Noise from construction machinery (0.2872) and waste water from construction (0.2584). Solid waste is mainly controlled by landfills and vegetation planting. The main control measures for water pollution are the land leachate system, and the noise pollution is prevented by strengthening management. The damage of farmland vegetation is controlled by the restoration of artificial vegetation after construction. 3. The total predicted value of soil and water loss caused by pipeline construction is 8922.55 t, and the amount of soil and water loss of the original geomorphology is 0.2440 t. The amount of soil and water loss caused by engineering construction is 3.66 times of the maximum amount of original geomorphologic soil and water loss. Among them, the amount of soil and water loss in general main engineering area is 4353.66 t, which accounts for 49% of the total loss. The prevention measures of soil erosion caused by pipeline construction mainly include engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures, which can be prevented by building mud ponds, sand sinking ponds, recommended tree planting, land restoration, surface soil restoration and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X826;S157

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本文編號(hào)：2325736