【摘要】：土壤大孔隙是土體內(nèi)孔徑較大能優(yōu)先傳導(dǎo)水分的根孔、洞穴或裂隙,大孔隙內(nèi)優(yōu)先流的產(chǎn)生是土壤水分運(yùn)動研究由均衡走向非均衡的標(biāo)志。利用原狀土柱的水分穿透試驗,對三峽庫區(qū)山地不同林型覆蓋下土壤的大孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究,分析了溫性闊葉林棕壤、針闊混交林黃棕壤、暖性針葉林黃壤及棄耕草地剖面內(nèi)大孔隙的剖面分布特征及其對土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率的影響。結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)內(nèi)森林土壤的大孔隙當(dāng)量孔徑在0.3—3 mm之間,占土壤總體積的0.15%—4.72%。大孔隙中孔徑0.3—0.6 mm的大孔隙密度最大,占大孔隙總數(shù)量的72.2%—90.4%;而孔徑1 mm的孔隙僅占大孔隙總數(shù)量的1.26%—8.55%。土壤大孔隙密度和大孔隙面積比的順序為:溫性闊葉林棕壤針闊混交林黃棕壤針葉林黃壤棄耕坡地。各孔徑段的大孔隙密度在不同樣點(diǎn)均呈現(xiàn)A層-B層-C層逐漸減小的趨勢,大孔隙密度與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率與不同孔徑大孔隙的密度、面積比均成顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,孔徑1mm的大孔隙僅占大孔隙總數(shù)量的1.26%—8.55%,但決定了飽和導(dǎo)水率84.7%的變異。此外,森林土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率與各土壤層的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量成顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,有機(jī)質(zhì)的增多有利于改善土壤的入滲性能。
[Abstract]:Macropore is the root hole, cave or fissure, which has larger pore diameter in soil, which can preferentially transmit water. The generation of preferential flow in macropore is the symbol of the study of soil moisture movement from equilibrium to disequilibrium. The macroporous structure of soil under different forest types in the three Gorges Reservoir area was studied by the water penetration test of undisturbed soil column. The yellow brown soil of temperate broad-leaved forest and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest was analyzed. Distribution characteristics of Macropores in Yellow soil and abandoned grassland profile of warm coniferous Forest and its effect on saturated Water conductivity of soil. The results showed that the equivalent pore size of the forest soil was between 0.3 and 3 mm, accounting for 0.15-4.72% of the total soil volume. In macropores, the pore density of 0.3-0.6 mm is the largest, accounting for 72.2% -90.4% of the total number of macropores, while the pore size of 1 mm is only 1.26-8.55% of the total number of macropores. The order of soil macropore density and macropore area ratio is: temperate broad-leaved forest brown soil mixed forest yellow brown soil coniferous forest yellow soil abandoned sloping land. The macropore density of each pore is decreasing gradually from layer A to layer B to layer C at different points, and there is a significant positive correlation between the macropore density and the content of organic matter. There was a significant positive correlation between saturated water conductivity and the density and area ratio of different pore size macropores. Macropores of pore size 1mm accounted for only 1.26-8.55% of the total number of macropores, but the variation of saturated water conductivity was 84.7%. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the saturated water conductivity of forest soil and the content of organic matter in each soil layer, and the increase of organic matter was beneficial to the improvement of soil infiltration performance.
【作者單位】： 地理過程分析與模擬湖北省重點(diǎn)實驗室;華中師范大學(xué)城市與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41001125) 湖北省自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項目(2015CFA141)
【分類號】：S714.2

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