長期施用化肥對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量及其組成的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-08 18:12
【摘要】：土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)是評(píng)價(jià)土壤肥力的重要指標(biāo)之一,土壤肥力、作物生長與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量和組成密切相關(guān),有關(guān)長期定位施肥對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和組成的影響一直是研究熱點(diǎn)。在糧食生產(chǎn)中,化肥起到了不可替代的作用,但針對(duì)長期化肥施用條件下土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)組成的變化特征研究較少,本文在借鑒前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,以中國草甸黑土29年的長期施肥定位試驗(yàn)為依托,通過田間取樣和室內(nèi)分析,研究不同施肥條件下(不施肥、N、P、K、NP、NK、PK、NPK),土壤有機(jī)碳、活性有機(jī)碳及碳庫管理指數(shù)、腐殖質(zhì)組成及結(jié)合形態(tài)特征的變化,同時(shí)對(duì)土壤有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合體及膠散復(fù)合體組成的差異進(jìn)行研究,得出以下結(jié)果:1、經(jīng)過29年的施肥處理,供試的8個(gè)處理土壤有機(jī)碳含量在17.94~19.43g/kg之間,不施肥處理(CK)含量最低,氮磷鉀配施處理(NPK)有機(jī)碳含量最高,比不施肥處理(CK)增加了8.08%。相比之下,氮、磷、鉀配合施用對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳累積效果要大于單一化學(xué)元素施入土壤。2、8個(gè)處理土壤活性有機(jī)碳的含量在3.36~4.91g/kg之間,氮鉀配施處理(NK)土壤活性有機(jī)碳含量最高。經(jīng)過29年的施肥處理,8個(gè)施肥處理的活性有機(jī)碳含量都顯著低于初始試驗(yàn)活性有機(jī)碳含量,其中不施肥處理(CK)降低了27.74%。單施氮(N)、磷(P)、鉀(K)處理的活性有機(jī)碳含量最低,比試驗(yàn)初始活性有機(jī)碳含量降低37.47%~39.46%。3、相對(duì)于氮磷鉀配合施用(NPK),不施肥(CK)的碳庫指數(shù)降低幅度最大,為7.63%,氮磷鉀肥的單獨(dú)施用(N、P、K)的土壤碳庫指數(shù)分別降低了4.58%、5.34%、5.34%,且各處理之間的碳庫指數(shù)差異不顯著。氮、磷、鉀兩兩配施(NP、NK、PK)的土壤碳庫指數(shù)分別降低了2.29%、1.52%、0.76%。與不施肥(CK)相比,氮、磷、鉀處理(N、P、K)的土壤碳庫管理指數(shù)(CPMI)分別下降了18.85%、17.28%、20.52%,且各處理之間的碳庫管理指數(shù)差異不顯著。氮、磷、鉀的配合施用處理(NP、NK、PK、NPK)的土壤碳庫管理指數(shù)(CPMI)分別上升了28.07%、27.80%、22、95%、21.93%,且各處理之間的碳庫管理指數(shù)差異不顯著。4、草甸黑土在經(jīng)過29年的化肥施用后,腐殖質(zhì)的組成得到了更新,游離態(tài)和結(jié)合態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)含量均得到了不同程度的提高,但它們的腐殖化度卻均有所降低;不同膠散復(fù)合體的吸持有機(jī)碳能力為G2G1G0,G1雖然是水穩(wěn)定性的,但其結(jié)合有機(jī)碳含量略高于G0組,G2組是膠散復(fù)合體存在的一個(gè)最好狀態(tài);草甸黑土土壤有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合體組成以粉粒復(fù)合體為主,化肥的施用有利于土壤粉粒級(jí)和細(xì)砂粒級(jí)復(fù)合體的形成,使土壤中這2個(gè)粒級(jí)的復(fù)合體含量增加,粘粒復(fù)合體含量減少。不同化肥的施用會(huì)造成有機(jī)碳在不同復(fù)合體中分配不同,在粘粒復(fù)合體中,施肥使土壤有機(jī)碳的絕對(duì)含量增加,而使土壤有機(jī)碳的百分含量呈下降的趨勢。
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is one of the important indexes to evaluate soil fertility. Soil fertility and crop growth are closely related to the content and composition of soil organic matter. Chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in grain production, but there are few studies on the change characteristics of soil organic matter composition under long-term chemical fertilizer application. Based on the long-term fertilization location test of black soil in meadow in China for 29 years, the soil organic carbon (SOC) was studied under different fertilization conditions (no fertilization, NPK and NKPKN NPK) through field sampling and laboratory analysis. The changes of active organic carbon and carbon pool management index, humus composition and binding morphological characteristics, and the differences of soil organic-inorganic complex and colloidal compound composition were studied. The following results were obtained: 1, after 29 years of fertilization, The soil organic carbon content of the eight treatments was between 17.94~19.43g/kg, the (CK) content of no fertilization treatment was the lowest, the (NPK) organic carbon content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application treatment was the highest, which increased 8.08% compared with that of no fertilization treatment (CK). In contrast, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application on soil organic carbon accumulation was higher than that of single chemical element applied to soil. 2, the content of soil active organic carbon in 8 treatments was between 3.36~4.91g/kg, The content of active organic carbon in (NK) soil treated with nitrogen and potassium was the highest. After 29 years of fertilization, the content of active organic carbon in the 8 treatments was significantly lower than that in the initial experiment, and the (CK) of the treatment without fertilization decreased 27.74%. The content of active organic carbon in (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) treatment was the lowest, which was 37.47% lower than that in the initial experiment, 39.46%, compared with that of N, P and K combined with (NPK), application. The carbon pool index of (CK) without fertilization decreased by 7.63. The soil carbon pool index of N, P and K fertilizer alone decreased by 4.58% and 5.34%, respectively. There was no significant difference in carbon pool index among different treatments. The soil carbon pool index of NP,NK,PK decreased by 2.29% and 1.52% and 0.76%, respectively. Compared with non-fertilized (CK), the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of N, P and K treatments decreased 18.85 ~ 17.28 ~ 20.52, respectively, and there was no significant difference in carbon pool management index between different treatments. The soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NP,NK,PK,NPK) increased 28.07% and 27.80% and 22.95% (21.93%) respectively, and there was no significant difference in the carbon pool management index among the treatments. After 29 years of chemical fertilizer application in meadow black soil, the humus composition was renewed and the contents of free and bound humus were increased to some extent, but their humification degree was decreased. The organic carbon absorbability of different colloidal complexes was G2G1G0G0G1, although it was stable in water, but its bound organic carbon content was slightly higher than that of G0 group. G2 group was the best state of colloidal composite. The soil organic-inorganic complex of meadow black soil is mainly composed of silt complex. The application of chemical fertilizer is beneficial to the formation of silt and fine sand grade complex, which increases the content of the two grain size complexes and decreases the clay grain complex content in the soil. Application of different chemical fertilizers will result in different distribution of organic carbon in different complexes. In clay complex, fertilization can increase the absolute content of soil organic carbon, but make the percentage of soil organic carbon decrease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S143
本文編號(hào)：2319276
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is one of the important indexes to evaluate soil fertility. Soil fertility and crop growth are closely related to the content and composition of soil organic matter. Chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in grain production, but there are few studies on the change characteristics of soil organic matter composition under long-term chemical fertilizer application. Based on the long-term fertilization location test of black soil in meadow in China for 29 years, the soil organic carbon (SOC) was studied under different fertilization conditions (no fertilization, NPK and NKPKN NPK) through field sampling and laboratory analysis. The changes of active organic carbon and carbon pool management index, humus composition and binding morphological characteristics, and the differences of soil organic-inorganic complex and colloidal compound composition were studied. The following results were obtained: 1, after 29 years of fertilization, The soil organic carbon content of the eight treatments was between 17.94~19.43g/kg, the (CK) content of no fertilization treatment was the lowest, the (NPK) organic carbon content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application treatment was the highest, which increased 8.08% compared with that of no fertilization treatment (CK). In contrast, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application on soil organic carbon accumulation was higher than that of single chemical element applied to soil. 2, the content of soil active organic carbon in 8 treatments was between 3.36~4.91g/kg, The content of active organic carbon in (NK) soil treated with nitrogen and potassium was the highest. After 29 years of fertilization, the content of active organic carbon in the 8 treatments was significantly lower than that in the initial experiment, and the (CK) of the treatment without fertilization decreased 27.74%. The content of active organic carbon in (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) treatment was the lowest, which was 37.47% lower than that in the initial experiment, 39.46%, compared with that of N, P and K combined with (NPK), application. The carbon pool index of (CK) without fertilization decreased by 7.63. The soil carbon pool index of N, P and K fertilizer alone decreased by 4.58% and 5.34%, respectively. There was no significant difference in carbon pool index among different treatments. The soil carbon pool index of NP,NK,PK decreased by 2.29% and 1.52% and 0.76%, respectively. Compared with non-fertilized (CK), the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of N, P and K treatments decreased 18.85 ~ 17.28 ~ 20.52, respectively, and there was no significant difference in carbon pool management index between different treatments. The soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) of the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NP,NK,PK,NPK) increased 28.07% and 27.80% and 22.95% (21.93%) respectively, and there was no significant difference in the carbon pool management index among the treatments. After 29 years of chemical fertilizer application in meadow black soil, the humus composition was renewed and the contents of free and bound humus were increased to some extent, but their humification degree was decreased. The organic carbon absorbability of different colloidal complexes was G2G1G0G0G1, although it was stable in water, but its bound organic carbon content was slightly higher than that of G0 group. G2 group was the best state of colloidal composite. The soil organic-inorganic complex of meadow black soil is mainly composed of silt complex. The application of chemical fertilizer is beneficial to the formation of silt and fine sand grade complex, which increases the content of the two grain size complexes and decreases the clay grain complex content in the soil. Application of different chemical fertilizers will result in different distribution of organic carbon in different complexes. In clay complex, fertilization can increase the absolute content of soil organic carbon, but make the percentage of soil organic carbon decrease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S143
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