滇池東岸風(fēng)化殼（土壤）同位素分布與遷移研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-07 18:12
【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),風(fēng)化殼(土壤)的侵蝕研究都是以定性方式為主,定量研究一直是個(gè)難題�，F(xiàn)在,放射性同位素示蹤技術(shù)是一種研究風(fēng)化殼(土壤)侵蝕的新方法。該方法不但可靠性比較高,且省時(shí)省力,是進(jìn)行流域尺度范圍研究的有效手段。本文應(yīng)用放射性同位素137Cs定年方法,結(jié)合土壤中的總磷、總氮、有機(jī)碳的含量測(cè)試,對(duì)云南省昆明市滇池流域東岸的松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域、寶象河小流域的風(fēng)化殼(土壤)近50a的侵蝕速率進(jìn)行研究。得出以下成果：1、放射性同位素137Cs的含量與風(fēng)化殼(土壤)類(lèi)型有關(guān)。松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域依據(jù)不同土壤類(lèi)型中的137Cs的平均含量遞增的順序進(jìn)行排序：撂荒地6.73 bq/m2林地83.38 bq/m2河灘地290.40 bq/m2草地332.99 bq/m2,撂荒地土壤中137Cs的平均含量最少,含量最多的是草地。寶象河小流域中依據(jù)不同土壤類(lèi)型中的137Cs的平均含量遞增的順序進(jìn)行排序：灌木地70.46 bq/m2林地77.86bq/m2草地84.17 bq/m2。灌木地土壤中137Cs的平均含量最少,含量最多的也是草地�？偭�、總氮、有機(jī)碳的含量也與風(fēng)化殼(土壤)類(lèi)型有關(guān),土壤侵蝕速率的會(huì)影響土壤中有機(jī)碳(TOC)、總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)的流失。松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域：TOC：撂荒地5.44%草地8.955%河灘地13.73%林地14.71%；TN：撂荒地2.03%林地2.07%草地2.13%河灘地3.16%；TP：林地0.85%撂荒地0.87%河灘地1.42%草地1.58%。寶象河小流域：TOC：灌木地8.48%林地9.8%草地12.1%；TN：林地0.88%灌木地1.16%草地1.48%；TP：林地0.26%灌木地0.33%草地0.37%。松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域中TOC和TN含量最低的是撂荒地；TP含量草地最高,林地最低。寶象河小流域中TOC和TN含量最低的是灌木地和林地,草地最高；TP含量草地最高,林地最低。2、放射性同位素137Cs含量與風(fēng)化殼(土壤)深度有關(guān)：隨著深度的增加,137Cs的含量不斷減少。同時(shí),松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域和寶象河小流域均發(fā)生了土壤侵蝕。已知滇池盆地的137Cs背景值為906bq/m2,在松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域和寶象河小流域的各種土壤類(lèi)型中,其137Cs含量均小于背景值,都發(fā)生了土壤侵蝕。3、風(fēng)化殼(土壤)侵蝕速率與土壤類(lèi)型有關(guān)。利用土壤侵蝕速率公式A(x)=Aref(1-eλx和計(jì)算得出各個(gè)小流域的土壤侵蝕速率,松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域和寶象河小流域的平均土壤侵蝕速率分別為：19.892 cm/a和19.962 cm/a,寶象河小流域的土壤侵蝕更加嚴(yán)重。松茂水庫(kù)區(qū)域的平均土壤侵蝕速率按遞增的順序排列為草地19.787 cm/a河灘地19.836 cm/a林地19.948 cm/a撂荒地19.997 cm/a；寶象河小流域平均土壤侵蝕速率按從小到大的順序依次排列為草地19.958 cm/a林地19.961 cm/a灌木地19.966 cm/a。4、風(fēng)化殼(土壤)侵蝕速率與土壤中有機(jī)碳(TOC)、總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)的含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),土壤侵蝕速率越快,TOC、TN、TP的含量就越少。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the study of weathering crust (soil) erosion is mainly qualitative, quantitative study has been a difficult problem. Now, radioisotope tracer technique is a new method to study erosion of weathered crust (soil). This method is not only reliable, but also time-saving and labor-saving. Based on the radioisotope 137Cs dating method and the determination of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil, the Songmao Reservoir area on the eastern bank of Dianchi Basin, Kunming, Yunnan Province, is studied. The erosion rate of weathering crust (soil) in Baoxiang River watershed was studied in the last 50 years. The following results are obtained: 1. The content of radioisotope 137Cs is related to the type of weathered crust (soil). In Songmao Reservoir area, according to the increasing order of 137Cs average content in different soil types, the order is as follows: abandoned land 6.73 bq/m2 woodland 83.38 bq/m2 river beach 290.40 bq/m2 grassland 332.99 bq/m2, The average content of 137Cs in abandoned soil was the least, and the highest in grassland. In the small watershed of Baoxiang River, according to the increasing order of average 137Cs content in different soil types, the order is as follows: shrub land 70.46 bq/m2 woodland 77.86bq/m2 grassland 84.17 bq/m2. The average content of 137Cs in shrub soil was the least, and the highest content was in grassland. The contents of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon were also related to the type of weathered crust (soil). The soil erosion rate would affect the loss of total phosphorus (TP) of total nitrogen (TN),) of organic carbon (TOC),) in soil. Songmao reservoir area: TOC: abandoned 5.44% grassland 8.955% river beach 13.73% forest land 14.71T: abandoned land 2.03% forest land 2.07% grassland 2.13% river beach 3.16; TP: forest land 0.85% abandoned 0.87% river beach 1.42% grassland 1.58. Baoxiang River small watershed: TOC: shrub land 8.48% forest land 9.8% grassland 12.1T: forest land 0.88% shrub land 1.16% grassland 1.48% TP5; woodland 0.26% shrub land 0.33% grassland 0.37cm. In Songmao Reservoir area, the lowest content of TOC and TN was abandoned land, and the content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in forestland. The contents of TOC and TN in the small watershed of Baoxiang River were the lowest in shrub land and woodland, and the highest in grassland. The content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in woodland. The content of radioisotope 137Cs was related to the depth of weathered crust (soil): with the increase of depth, the content of 137Cs decreased. At the same time, soil erosion occurred in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed. The known 137Cs background value of Dianchi Basin is 906bq / m2. Soil erosion occurred in various soil types of Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxianhe small watershed, and the 137Cs content was smaller than the background value. The erosion rate of weathered crust (soil) is related to soil type. Using the formula of soil erosion rate A (x) = Aref (1-e 位 x), the soil erosion rate of each small watershed is calculated. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed is 19.892 cm/a and 19.962 cm/a, respectively. Soil erosion in the small watershed of the Baoxiang River is even more serious. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area was arranged in increasing order as grassland 19.787 cm/a, beach land 19.836 cm/a, forest land 19.948 cm/a abandoned 19.997 cm/a;. The average soil erosion rate in the small watershed of Baoxiang River is arranged as follows: grassland 19.958 cm/a woodland 19.961 cm/a shrub land 19.966 cm/a.4, weathering crust (soil) erosion rate and organic carbon (TOC), in soil The content of total nitrogen (TN),) and total phosphorus (TP) was negatively correlated. The faster the soil erosion rate, the less the content of TOC,TN,TP.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157.1
本文編號(hào)：2317174
[Abstract]:For a long time, the study of weathering crust (soil) erosion is mainly qualitative, quantitative study has been a difficult problem. Now, radioisotope tracer technique is a new method to study erosion of weathered crust (soil). This method is not only reliable, but also time-saving and labor-saving. Based on the radioisotope 137Cs dating method and the determination of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil, the Songmao Reservoir area on the eastern bank of Dianchi Basin, Kunming, Yunnan Province, is studied. The erosion rate of weathering crust (soil) in Baoxiang River watershed was studied in the last 50 years. The following results are obtained: 1. The content of radioisotope 137Cs is related to the type of weathered crust (soil). In Songmao Reservoir area, according to the increasing order of 137Cs average content in different soil types, the order is as follows: abandoned land 6.73 bq/m2 woodland 83.38 bq/m2 river beach 290.40 bq/m2 grassland 332.99 bq/m2, The average content of 137Cs in abandoned soil was the least, and the highest in grassland. In the small watershed of Baoxiang River, according to the increasing order of average 137Cs content in different soil types, the order is as follows: shrub land 70.46 bq/m2 woodland 77.86bq/m2 grassland 84.17 bq/m2. The average content of 137Cs in shrub soil was the least, and the highest content was in grassland. The contents of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon were also related to the type of weathered crust (soil). The soil erosion rate would affect the loss of total phosphorus (TP) of total nitrogen (TN),) of organic carbon (TOC),) in soil. Songmao reservoir area: TOC: abandoned 5.44% grassland 8.955% river beach 13.73% forest land 14.71T: abandoned land 2.03% forest land 2.07% grassland 2.13% river beach 3.16; TP: forest land 0.85% abandoned 0.87% river beach 1.42% grassland 1.58. Baoxiang River small watershed: TOC: shrub land 8.48% forest land 9.8% grassland 12.1T: forest land 0.88% shrub land 1.16% grassland 1.48% TP5; woodland 0.26% shrub land 0.33% grassland 0.37cm. In Songmao Reservoir area, the lowest content of TOC and TN was abandoned land, and the content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in forestland. The contents of TOC and TN in the small watershed of Baoxiang River were the lowest in shrub land and woodland, and the highest in grassland. The content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in woodland. The content of radioisotope 137Cs was related to the depth of weathered crust (soil): with the increase of depth, the content of 137Cs decreased. At the same time, soil erosion occurred in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed. The known 137Cs background value of Dianchi Basin is 906bq / m2. Soil erosion occurred in various soil types of Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxianhe small watershed, and the 137Cs content was smaller than the background value. The erosion rate of weathered crust (soil) is related to soil type. Using the formula of soil erosion rate A (x) = Aref (1-e 位 x), the soil erosion rate of each small watershed is calculated. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed is 19.892 cm/a and 19.962 cm/a, respectively. Soil erosion in the small watershed of the Baoxiang River is even more serious. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area was arranged in increasing order as grassland 19.787 cm/a, beach land 19.836 cm/a, forest land 19.948 cm/a abandoned 19.997 cm/a;. The average soil erosion rate in the small watershed of Baoxiang River is arranged as follows: grassland 19.958 cm/a woodland 19.961 cm/a shrub land 19.966 cm/a.4, weathering crust (soil) erosion rate and organic carbon (TOC), in soil The content of total nitrogen (TN),) and total phosphorus (TP) was negatively correlated. The faster the soil erosion rate, the less the content of TOC,TN,TP.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157.1
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