【摘要】：貧困作為困擾世界各國發(fā)展的全球性問題,是當今世界各國面臨的最嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)之一,更是當今世界各國面臨的共同目標和任務(wù)。圍繞破解我國扶貧開發(fā)中的深層次矛盾和問題,國內(nèi)已經(jīng)形成的以精準扶貧為核心的扶貧開發(fā)重要戰(zhàn)略思想,是我國扶貧開發(fā)的重大理論創(chuàng)新。扶貧工作,直接關(guān)系著數(shù)千萬人民的福祉,關(guān)系2020年全面建成小康社會的目標能否實現(xiàn)。我國大部分地區(qū),尤其是生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)在面臨著貧困問題的同時,也面臨著較為嚴重的生態(tài)問題。因此我國對這些生態(tài)脆弱的區(qū)域施行生態(tài)補償,以期實現(xiàn)生態(tài)環(huán)境改善的目標。石羊河地區(qū)扼守著河西走廊的門戶,是我國內(nèi)陸河流域中人口最密集、水資源開發(fā)利用程度最高、用水矛盾最突出、生態(tài)環(huán)境問題最嚴重的流域之一。由環(huán)境惡化所造成的石羊河流域農(nóng)戶貧窮問題凸顯,生態(tài)補償以其經(jīng)濟手段對農(nóng)戶減輕貧困也具有十分重要的作用。石羊河地區(qū)的生態(tài)補償對該地區(qū)農(nóng)戶減貧作用的研究,對確保石羊河流域可持續(xù)發(fā)展,推動農(nóng)戶轉(zhuǎn)型,理論指導實踐具有重要作用。論文歸納總結(jié)了石羊河地區(qū)生態(tài)補償與減輕貧困的相關(guān)研究進展,分析了石羊河地區(qū)環(huán)境與貧困的關(guān)系,量化了生態(tài)補償實踐對農(nóng)戶貧困的廣度、深度和強度的影響,探討了現(xiàn)金補償、技術(shù)補償?shù)戎饕a償方式的減貧的效果,得到了以下主要結(jié)論:(1)現(xiàn)金補償?shù)幕嵯禂?shù)對總收入基尼系數(shù)的貢獻度為2.10%,現(xiàn)金補償收入來源在總收入中所占比重9.19%,現(xiàn)金補償對于總收入的邊際效應(yīng)為-0.07,表示現(xiàn)金補償?shù)脑黾釉谝欢ǔ潭壬鲜罐r(nóng)民收入更均衡。(2)通過參與生態(tài)補償項目,農(nóng)戶獲得現(xiàn)金補償,貧困發(fā)生率降低了0.09,貧困強度下降了0.34,貧困深度下降了0.18。(3)通過統(tǒng)計軟件分析,在影響技術(shù)減貧效果的主觀因素中,技術(shù)的了解程度和技術(shù)對收入的影響這兩個因素表現(xiàn)出來較強的顯著性;在影響技術(shù)減貧效果的個性因素中,年齡和受教育程度這兩個因素則體現(xiàn)出較強的顯著性。最后根據(jù)結(jié)論提出了完善石羊河地區(qū)生態(tài)補償機制,合理利用多種生態(tài)補償方式,制定合理的石羊河流域生態(tài)補償法規(guī),合理調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),生態(tài)工人等綠色崗位的設(shè)置政策建議。
[Abstract]:Poverty, as a global problem puzzling the development of all countries in the world, is one of the most severe challenges facing all countries in the world today, and it is also the common goal and task facing all countries in the world today. Focusing on solving the deep-level contradictions and problems in the development of poverty alleviation in China, the important strategic idea of poverty alleviation and development with precision poverty reduction as the core has been formed in China, which is an important theoretical innovation of poverty alleviation and development in China. Poverty alleviation is directly related to the well-being of tens of millions of people and whether the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 can be realized. Most areas of our country, especially the ecological fragile areas, are facing the problem of poverty, but also the serious ecological problems. Therefore, our country carries out ecological compensation to these fragile ecological regions in order to achieve the goal of ecological environment improvement. Shiyang River is one of the most densely populated watersheds, the highest exploitation and utilization of water resources, the most prominent contradiction of water use, and the most serious ecological environment problem in Shiyang River area, which holds the portal of Hexi Corridor. The problem of peasant household poverty in Shiyang River basin caused by environmental deterioration is prominent, and ecological compensation plays an important role in alleviating poverty by its economic means. The study of ecological compensation in Shiyang River area plays an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of Shiyang River basin, promoting the transformation of farmers and guiding the practice in theory. This paper summarizes the research progress of ecological compensation and poverty alleviation in Shiyang River area, analyzes the relationship between environment and poverty in Shiyang River area, and quantifies the impact of ecological compensation practice on the breadth, depth and intensity of peasant household poverty. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the contribution of Gini coefficient of cash compensation to Gini coefficient of total income is 2.10%. The marginal effect of cash compensation on total income is -0.07, and the proportion of cash compensation income to total income is 9.19%, and the marginal effect of cash compensation on total income is -0.07%. The increase of cash compensation makes farmers' income more balanced to a certain extent. (2) by participating in ecological compensation projects, farmers get cash compensation, the incidence of poverty decreases by 0.09, and the intensity of poverty decreases by 0.34. The depth of poverty decreased by 0.18. (3) through statistical software analysis, among the subjective factors affecting the effect of technology poverty reduction, the degree of understanding of technology and the influence of technology on income showed strong significance; Among the personality factors influencing the effect of technology poverty reduction, two factors, age and education level, showed strong significance. Finally, according to the conclusion, the paper puts forward to perfect the ecological compensation mechanism of Shiyang River area, make rational use of many kinds of ecological compensation methods, formulate reasonable ecological compensation laws and regulations of Shiyang River basin, and adjust the industrial structure rationally. Ecological workers and other green positions set up policy recommendations.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.8;F323.22

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