中條山銅尾礦庫壩面土壤微生物群落結構特征
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-05 20:22
【摘要】：中條山銅基地是我國七大銅基地之一,位于山西省垣曲縣,是非煤地下開采礦山,銅儲量300多萬噸,年采礦700萬噸,選礦720萬噸。采礦活動造成環(huán)境破壞和土壤重金屬污染,重金屬通過食物鏈在動植物和人體中積累,影響人身體健康。植物定殖可以吸收、轉移、揮發(fā)土壤中的重金屬。微生物是土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境中最重要、最活躍的部分,其參與地球生物化學循環(huán)、降低重金屬的毒害、改善土壤質(zhì)量、促進植物健康生長。在貧瘠脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境中,微生物可作為土壤恢復的敏感指標,微生物的群落結構和多樣性動態(tài),有助于了解礦區(qū)土壤的生態(tài)恢復狀況。本文以細菌16S rDNA V3區(qū)和真菌ITS1區(qū)高通量測序的結果,分析了3個恢復時間段的銅尾礦庫壩面土壤微生物群落結構;并通過變性梯度凝膠電泳(DGGE)分析了6個恢復梯度壩面土壤細菌群落多樣性變化的時空動態(tài),進一步分析了尾礦庫壩面土壤恢復過程中,微生物群落的結構特征及構建機制。得出以下結論:1)尾礦庫壩面土壤環(huán)境因子動態(tài)特征研究區(qū)壩面重金屬Cu、Pb、Cd和As超標,Cr、Ni和Zn均不超標。土壤pH隨恢復時間差異顯著,恢復30年、15年和1年樣地高于45年、40年和5年樣地。在不同季節(jié),土壤pH在4月份高于7月、9月和11月。土壤養(yǎng)分含量沿恢復時間變化明顯。土壤TC和TN從45年和40年樣地到30年和15年,呈降低趨勢。9月和11月的養(yǎng)分(TC和TN)高于7月和4月。TS在9月和11月含量最高。2)尾礦壩植物群落多樣性變化動態(tài)野外調(diào)查分析植物群落多樣性的變化。植物Shannon指數(shù)隨恢復時間變化明顯,45年和40年樣地顯著高于30年、15年和5年樣地。Pielou指數(shù)在不同樣地間差異不顯著。植物Shannon指數(shù)與Simpson指數(shù)在不同季度間變化不明顯。3)尾礦壩土壤質(zhì)量變化情況土壤質(zhì)量(土壤酶活性和土壤呼吸)與土壤養(yǎng)分含量變化趨勢一致,隨不同恢復時間形成演替變化。土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性在9月和11月較高,過氧化氫酶活性在11月最低。土壤呼吸在45年、40年和5年樣地9月最弱,但在30和15年樣地4月最弱。土壤質(zhì)量主要受到養(yǎng)分含量、植物群落多樣性和微生物群落結構的影響。重金屬(Mn和Pb等)含量抑制土壤的恢復,但對其作用較小。4)尾礦壩微生物群落結構特征及影響因素采用Illumina MiSeq平臺對尾礦壩45、15和1年樣地進行高通量測序,尾礦壩不同梯度的土壤細菌優(yōu)勢門有變形菌門、放線菌門和厚壁菌門等。土壤真菌優(yōu)勢門有子囊菌門、接合菌門和擔子菌門。非度量多維測度(NMDS)和mantel test分析結果表明土壤理化性質(zhì)、重金屬含量、植物群落多樣性和土壤質(zhì)量影響細菌和真菌群落結構變化,且土壤細菌與真菌相互作用顯著。其中,變形菌門的鞘脂單胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)對重金屬有一定的耐受性,可以指示重金屬的污染程度。5)尾礦壩細菌群落多樣性時空動態(tài)通過變性梯度凝膠電泳(DGGE)分析尾礦壩6個梯度,4個季節(jié)細菌群落結構的多樣性變化。尾礦壩細菌群落Shannon指數(shù)和Richness指數(shù)與土壤恢復年限關系顯著,與土壤養(yǎng)分含量和土壤質(zhì)量變化趨勢一致,但是Simpson指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù)隨恢復時間變化不明顯。在45年、30年和15年樣地中,7月細菌群落多樣性(Shannon指數(shù)和Richness指數(shù))顯著高于11月。RDA分析結果表明,細菌群落多樣性(Shannon指數(shù)和Richness指數(shù))主要受到土壤養(yǎng)分含量(TC和TN)變化的影響。結構方程模型(SEM)結果表明在7月、11月和4月理化性質(zhì)和土壤質(zhì)量是土壤細菌群落多樣性變化的主要影響因子,但在9月份,理化性質(zhì)和植物多樣性對細菌多樣性的作用更大。
[Abstract]:Zhongtiaoshan Copper Base is one of the seven largest copper bases in China. It is located in Qqu County of Shanxi Province. It is a non-coal underground mining mine, with copper reserves of more than 3 million tons, annual mining of 7 million tons, and mineral separation of 7.2 million tons. Mining activities cause environmental damage and soil heavy metal pollution. Heavy metals accumulate in animals and plants and human bodies through the food chain and affect human health. Plant colonization can absorb, transfer, and evaporate heavy metals in soil. The microorganism is the most important and active part of the soil ecological environment, which participates in the biochemical circulation of the earth, reduces the toxicity of heavy metals, improves the soil quality and promotes the healthy growth of plants. In barren and fragile ecological environment, microorganism can be used as sensitive index of soil recovery, microbial community structure and diversity dynamics, which can help to understand the ecological restoration status of soil in mining area. Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA V3 region and fungal ITS1 region, the microbial community structure of soil microbial community in three recovery time periods was analyzed. By denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil bacterial community diversity in six restoration gradient dams were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The heavy metals Cu, Pb, Cd and As in the dynamic characteristics of soil environmental factors in the dam face are not exceeding the standard, and Cr, Ni and Zn are out of the standard. Soil pH was significantly different with recovery time, recovered for 30 years, 15 years and 1 year, and was more than 45 years, 40 years and 5 years. In different seasons, soil pH was higher in April than July, September and November. The soil nutrient content changes obviously along the recovery time. Soil TC and TN decreased from 45 and 40 years to 30 and 15 years. The nutrients (TC and TN) in September and November were higher than July and April. TS was the highest in September and November. 2) Dynamic field investigation of plant community diversity in tailings dam analyzed the variation of plant community diversity. The plant growth index changed significantly with the recovery time, significantly higher in 45 and 40 years than in 30, 15, and 5 years. Pielou's index was not statistically significant. The change of soil quality (soil enzyme activity and soil respiration) in tailings dam was consistent with the variation trend of soil nutrient content. The activity of soil and sucrose was higher in September and November, and catalase activity was lowest in November. Soil respiration was the weakest in 45, 40, and 5 years, but was weakest in April and 15. Soil quality is mainly influenced by nutrient content, plant community diversity and microbial community structure. The contents of heavy metals (Mn and Pb, etc.) inhibit the recovery of soil, but have little effect on it. 4) The structural characteristics and influencing factors of microbial community of tailings dam adopt Illumina MiSeq platform to carry out high-flux sequencing on tailings dams 45, 15 and 1 year, and the soil bacteria advantage gate with different gradient of tailings dam has deformation bacteria door. Actinomyces and thick-walled bacteria doors, etc. The fungal dominant gate of the soil has a fungus gate, a joint fungus door, and a basidiomycetous door. The results of non-metric multi-dimensional measure (NMDS) and mel test show that soil physical and chemical properties, heavy metal content, plant community diversity and soil quality affect bacterial and fungal community structure changes, and soil bacteria interact with fungi. Among them, Sphingaradaceae has a certain tolerance to heavy metals, The pollution degree of heavy metals can be indicated. 5) The spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial community diversity in tailings dam are analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the diversity of bacterial community structures in 4 seasons is changed. The relationship between the Shannon index and the Richards index of the bacterial community in the tailings dam was significantly related to the soil restoration years, but the Simpson index and the Pielou index were not obvious with the recovery time. In the 45-year, 30-year and 15-year-like plots, the bacterial community diversity was significantly higher in July than in November. The results showed that the bacterial community diversity (Shannon index and Richness index) was mainly influenced by soil nutrient content (TC and TN). The results of structural equation model (SEM) indicate that the physical and chemical properties and soil quality in July, November and April are the main factors affecting the diversity of soil bacterial communities, but in September, the physical and chemical properties and plant diversity play a greater role in bacterial diversity.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S154.3
本文編號：2313344
[Abstract]:Zhongtiaoshan Copper Base is one of the seven largest copper bases in China. It is located in Qqu County of Shanxi Province. It is a non-coal underground mining mine, with copper reserves of more than 3 million tons, annual mining of 7 million tons, and mineral separation of 7.2 million tons. Mining activities cause environmental damage and soil heavy metal pollution. Heavy metals accumulate in animals and plants and human bodies through the food chain and affect human health. Plant colonization can absorb, transfer, and evaporate heavy metals in soil. The microorganism is the most important and active part of the soil ecological environment, which participates in the biochemical circulation of the earth, reduces the toxicity of heavy metals, improves the soil quality and promotes the healthy growth of plants. In barren and fragile ecological environment, microorganism can be used as sensitive index of soil recovery, microbial community structure and diversity dynamics, which can help to understand the ecological restoration status of soil in mining area. Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA V3 region and fungal ITS1 region, the microbial community structure of soil microbial community in three recovery time periods was analyzed. By denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil bacterial community diversity in six restoration gradient dams were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The heavy metals Cu, Pb, Cd and As in the dynamic characteristics of soil environmental factors in the dam face are not exceeding the standard, and Cr, Ni and Zn are out of the standard. Soil pH was significantly different with recovery time, recovered for 30 years, 15 years and 1 year, and was more than 45 years, 40 years and 5 years. In different seasons, soil pH was higher in April than July, September and November. The soil nutrient content changes obviously along the recovery time. Soil TC and TN decreased from 45 and 40 years to 30 and 15 years. The nutrients (TC and TN) in September and November were higher than July and April. TS was the highest in September and November. 2) Dynamic field investigation of plant community diversity in tailings dam analyzed the variation of plant community diversity. The plant growth index changed significantly with the recovery time, significantly higher in 45 and 40 years than in 30, 15, and 5 years. Pielou's index was not statistically significant. The change of soil quality (soil enzyme activity and soil respiration) in tailings dam was consistent with the variation trend of soil nutrient content. The activity of soil and sucrose was higher in September and November, and catalase activity was lowest in November. Soil respiration was the weakest in 45, 40, and 5 years, but was weakest in April and 15. Soil quality is mainly influenced by nutrient content, plant community diversity and microbial community structure. The contents of heavy metals (Mn and Pb, etc.) inhibit the recovery of soil, but have little effect on it. 4) The structural characteristics and influencing factors of microbial community of tailings dam adopt Illumina MiSeq platform to carry out high-flux sequencing on tailings dams 45, 15 and 1 year, and the soil bacteria advantage gate with different gradient of tailings dam has deformation bacteria door. Actinomyces and thick-walled bacteria doors, etc. The fungal dominant gate of the soil has a fungus gate, a joint fungus door, and a basidiomycetous door. The results of non-metric multi-dimensional measure (NMDS) and mel test show that soil physical and chemical properties, heavy metal content, plant community diversity and soil quality affect bacterial and fungal community structure changes, and soil bacteria interact with fungi. Among them, Sphingaradaceae has a certain tolerance to heavy metals, The pollution degree of heavy metals can be indicated. 5) The spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial community diversity in tailings dam are analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the diversity of bacterial community structures in 4 seasons is changed. The relationship between the Shannon index and the Richards index of the bacterial community in the tailings dam was significantly related to the soil restoration years, but the Simpson index and the Pielou index were not obvious with the recovery time. In the 45-year, 30-year and 15-year-like plots, the bacterial community diversity was significantly higher in July than in November. The results showed that the bacterial community diversity (Shannon index and Richness index) was mainly influenced by soil nutrient content (TC and TN). The results of structural equation model (SEM) indicate that the physical and chemical properties and soil quality in July, November and April are the main factors affecting the diversity of soil bacterial communities, but in September, the physical and chemical properties and plant diversity play a greater role in bacterial diversity.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S154.3
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