【摘要】：外槽輪排肥器作為我國目前施肥機(jī)械中應(yīng)用最廣泛的排肥器之一,存在排肥量難以精確控制、排肥不均問題。本文以外槽輪工作長度、排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速、排肥舌開口角度為試驗(yàn)因素,以排肥量及排肥脈動變異系數(shù)為評價(jià)指標(biāo)。綜合應(yīng)用離散元法、二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)響應(yīng)面試驗(yàn)、外槽輪排肥驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),研究外槽輪排肥器工作參數(shù)對排肥量及排肥脈動的影響,進(jìn)而優(yōu)化關(guān)鍵工作參數(shù)組合。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:(1)肥料顆粒的物理力學(xué)參數(shù)測量。選取磷酸二銨、尿素、復(fù)合肥為研究對象,通過物理學(xué)和物料學(xué)基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn),測量肥料顆粒的密度、三軸尺寸、彈性模量、剪切模量、摩擦系數(shù)、碰撞恢復(fù)系數(shù)等參數(shù),為排肥器工作過程的離散元仿真模型提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。(2)排肥器工作過程離散元仿真模型的建立。通過逆向建模技術(shù)建立磷酸二銨、尿素、復(fù)合肥顆粒的掃描模型及填充模型,并建立外槽輪排肥裝置的三維模型。將外槽輪排肥裝置的三維模型、肥料顆粒的填充模型導(dǎo)入離散元軟件中設(shè)置相關(guān)的仿真變量,構(gòu)建外槽輪排肥工作過程的離散元仿真模型,為后續(xù)的研究提供仿真平臺。(3)外槽輪排肥器工作參數(shù)對排肥量的影響。采用離散元仿真與二次正交回歸試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,建立工作參數(shù)與排肥量之間的回歸函數(shù)模型,識別影響排肥量的主次因素。以磷酸二銨、尿素、復(fù)合肥為排肥對象時(shí),排肥量離散元仿真試驗(yàn)與試驗(yàn)之間的平均相對誤差分別為10.04%、12.73%、9.96%。(4)排肥器工作參數(shù)對排肥脈動過程的影響與參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化。建立了排肥器關(guān)鍵工作參數(shù)與脈動變異系數(shù)之間的回歸函數(shù)模型,明確影響脈動變異系數(shù)的主次因素。通過響應(yīng)面分析,優(yōu)化了外槽輪排肥器關(guān)鍵參數(shù)組合。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)外槽輪工作長度為45mm、排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速為55r/min、排肥舌開口角度為22.5°時(shí),排肥脈動變異系數(shù)的離散元仿真值與驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)值分別為10.89%和9.55%,且仿真試驗(yàn)與驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)的結(jié)論一致。
[Abstract]:As one of the most widely used fertiliser in fertilization machinery in our country, it is difficult to control the amount of fertilizer discharge accurately and the problem of unevenness of fertilizer discharge exists. In this paper, the working length of the outer groove wheel, the rotation speed of the discharge shaft and the opening angle of the fat discharge tongue are the experimental factors, and the quantity of fertilizer discharge and the coefficient of variation of the pulsation of the discharge of fertilizer are taken as the evaluation indexes. Based on discrete element method, quadratic orthogonal rotation response surface test and external slot wheel fertilization verification test, the effects of working parameters of external slot wheel fertilizer emitter on the discharge amount and pulsation were studied, and the key working parameters were optimized. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Measurement of physical and mechanical parameters of fertilizer particles. The parameters such as density, triaxial size, elastic modulus, shear modulus, friction coefficient and collision recovery coefficient of fertilizer particles were measured by physical and material experiments, including diammonium phosphate, urea and compound fertilizer. It provides the basic data for the discrete element simulation model. (2) the establishment of the discrete element simulation model for the working process of the fertiliser. The scanning model and filling model of diammonium phosphate, urea and compound fertilizer particles were established by reverse modeling technology. The 3D model and the filling model of fertilizer particles are introduced into the discrete element software to set up the relevant simulation variables, and the discrete element simulation model of the working process of the external slot wheel is constructed. (3) the influence of the working parameters of the external slot wheel fertiliser on the amount of fertilizer discharge. Using the method of discrete element simulation and quadratic orthogonal regression test, the regression function model between working parameters and fertilizer discharge is established to identify the primary and secondary factors that affect the amount of fertilizer discharged. When diammonium phosphate, urea and compound fertilizer were taken as fertilizer discharge objects, the average relative error between discrete element simulation test and experiment was 10.04 ~ 12.73g, respectively. 9.96. (4) the influence of the working parameters of the fertiliser on the pulsation process and the optimization of the parameters. The regression function model between the key working parameters and the pulsating variation coefficient of the fertiliser was established, and the primary and secondary factors affecting the pulsating variation coefficient were determined. Based on response surface analysis, the key parameter combination of the external groove wheel fertiliser was optimized. The experimental results show that when the working length of the outer groove wheel is 45mm, the rotation speed of the discharge shaft is 55r / min, and the angle of the tongue opening is 22.5 擄, the discrete element simulation value and the verification test value of the coefficient of variation are 10.89% and 9.55%, respectively. The conclusion of simulation test is consistent with that of verification test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S224.2

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