水稻秸稈還田對(duì)土壤酶活性及土壤養(yǎng)分的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-01 20:52
【摘要】：水稻秸稈還田具有培肥土壤、提高土壤酶活性和減少因過量使用化肥而造成的土壤污染和退化作用,秸稈還田是一種很好的資源再利用的形式。本試驗(yàn)針對(duì)黑龍江省寒地水稻生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,通過小區(qū)試驗(yàn)與室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式,探索寒地水稻秸稈還田對(duì)土壤酶活性及土壤養(yǎng)分的影響,為黑龍江省水稻秸稈還田的進(jìn)一步推廣提供理論指導(dǎo)和技術(shù)支撐,研究結(jié)果表明:秸稈還田處理的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性顯著高于不還田處理,其活性隨秸稈施入量增加而升高,除了室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)中秸稈不還田處理的酸性磷酸酶活性呈逐漸下降趨勢(shì),土壤酸性磷酸酶活性均呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的變化規(guī)律。在小區(qū)試驗(yàn)中,土壤中性磷酸酶活性比較穩(wěn)定,在模擬試驗(yàn)中,在培養(yǎng)10天時(shí)土壤中性磷酸酶活性急劇下降然后上升最后趨于穩(wěn)定;秸稈還田處理的中性磷酸酶活性顯著高于不還田處理。土壤堿性磷酸酶在小區(qū)試驗(yàn)中先升高再降低最后上升,在室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)中,土壤堿性磷酸酶活性先升高后降低;秸稈還田處理的堿性磷酸酶活性顯著高于不還田處理,且隨著秸稈量的增加先升高后降低,小區(qū)試驗(yàn)中,0.5STR處理的堿性磷酸酶活性達(dá)到最大,而在室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)中,1.0STR處理的堿性磷酸酶活性達(dá)到最大。在小區(qū)試驗(yàn)中,土壤脲酶活性呈現(xiàn)降低--升高--降低的變化規(guī)律,秸稈還田處理的脲酶活性顯著低于不還田處理,在室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)中,土壤脲酶活性呈現(xiàn)逐漸降低的趨勢(shì),土壤脲酶活性隨著秸稈量的增加先降低后升高,表現(xiàn)為2.0STR1.5STRSTM0.5STR1.0STR。土壤蔗糖酶活性均呈現(xiàn)先降低后升高的趨勢(shì),秸稈還田處理的土壤蔗糖酶活性顯著高于不還田處理的,1.0STR處理的蔗糖酶活性達(dá)到最大。在小區(qū)試驗(yàn)中,水稻秸稈還田提高了土壤全氮、全磷和全鉀的含量,同時(shí)秸稈還田增加了土壤土壤無機(jī)氮、NH4+-N、NO3--N、速效磷和速效鉀的含量。在室內(nèi)模擬試驗(yàn)中,土壤無機(jī)氮、NH4+-N和NO3--N的含量均呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),土壤無機(jī)氮隨著秸稈的施入先降低后升高,表現(xiàn)為2.0STR1.5STRSTM0.5STR1.0STR;土壤NH4+-N含量隨著秸稈量的增加而升高,水稻秸稈的施入降低了土壤NO3--N含量。速效磷和速效鉀含量均呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的變化趨勢(shì),秸稈還田處理的速效磷含量和速效鉀含量顯著高于秸稈不還田處理的。土壤酶活性與土壤速效養(yǎng)分間有一定的相關(guān)性,其中土壤酸性磷酸酶活性與土壤速效磷及速效鉀的含量呈顯著正相關(guān),土壤蔗糖酶活性與土壤無機(jī)氮、NH4+-N、NO3--N、土壤速效磷及速效鉀的含量呈顯著正相關(guān),土壤脲酶活性與土壤無機(jī)氮及NH4+-N的含量呈極呈顯著正相關(guān),與土壤NO3--N的含量呈顯著正相關(guān)。秸稈還田處理的水稻產(chǎn)量高于秸稈不還田處理,0.5STR處理的水稻產(chǎn)量高于1.0STR處理,并且施入水稻秸稈提高了水稻的分蘗及有效分蘗。
[Abstract]:The return of rice straw to the field has the function of fertilizing soil, improving soil enzyme activity and reducing soil pollution and degradation caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer. Straw returning to field is a good form of resource reuse. In view of the present situation of rice production in cold region of Heilongjiang Province, the effect of returning rice straw from cold region to soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient was explored by combining plot experiment with indoor simulation test. The results showed that the soil acid phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and its activity increased with the increase of straw application amount. Except for the simulated experiment in laboratory, the acid phosphatase activity of the treatment without straw returning to the field decreased gradually, and the activity of soil acid phosphatase increased first and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil was stable. In the simulation experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil decreased sharply after 10 days of culture and then increased and then tended to be stable. The neutral phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment. Soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased first and then decreased in plot experiment. In indoor simulation experiment, soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and with the increase of straw amount, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment first increased and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum, while in the indoor simulation experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum. The activity of alkaline phosphatase treated with 1.0STR was the highest. In the plot experiment, the urease activity of soil decreased, increased and decreased. The urease activity of straw returning treatment was significantly lower than that of non-field treatment, and the soil urease activity decreased gradually in the indoor simulation experiment. The soil urease activity decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of straw content, showing that 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. Soil sucrase activity decreased first and then increased. The soil sucrase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-field treatment, and the sucrose enzyme activity of 1.0STR treatment reached the maximum. In the plot experiment, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were increased by returning rice straw to the field, and the contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nno _ 3 N, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased when straw was returned to the field. The contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-N and NO3--N in soil decreased gradually in laboratory simulation experiment. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil decreased first and then increased with the application of straw, which showed as 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. The content of NH4-N in soil increased with the increase of straw content, and the content of NO3--N in soil decreased with the application of rice straw. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased first and then decreased. The available phosphorus and potassium content of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of straw non-returning treatment. There was a positive correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil available nutrients, among which the activity of soil acid phosphatase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium, and the activity of soil sucrase was correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nnnno _ 3-N, and the activity of soil sucrase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and available potassium content, soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content, and soil NO3--N content with significant positive correlation between soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content. The rice yield of straw returning treatment was higher than that of straw non-returning treatment, the rice yield of 0.5STR treatment was higher than that of 1.0STR treatment, and the tillering and effective tiller of rice were improved by applying rice straw.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4
本文編號(hào)：2305071
[Abstract]:The return of rice straw to the field has the function of fertilizing soil, improving soil enzyme activity and reducing soil pollution and degradation caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer. Straw returning to field is a good form of resource reuse. In view of the present situation of rice production in cold region of Heilongjiang Province, the effect of returning rice straw from cold region to soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient was explored by combining plot experiment with indoor simulation test. The results showed that the soil acid phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and its activity increased with the increase of straw application amount. Except for the simulated experiment in laboratory, the acid phosphatase activity of the treatment without straw returning to the field decreased gradually, and the activity of soil acid phosphatase increased first and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil was stable. In the simulation experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil decreased sharply after 10 days of culture and then increased and then tended to be stable. The neutral phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment. Soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased first and then decreased in plot experiment. In indoor simulation experiment, soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and with the increase of straw amount, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment first increased and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum, while in the indoor simulation experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum. The activity of alkaline phosphatase treated with 1.0STR was the highest. In the plot experiment, the urease activity of soil decreased, increased and decreased. The urease activity of straw returning treatment was significantly lower than that of non-field treatment, and the soil urease activity decreased gradually in the indoor simulation experiment. The soil urease activity decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of straw content, showing that 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. Soil sucrase activity decreased first and then increased. The soil sucrase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-field treatment, and the sucrose enzyme activity of 1.0STR treatment reached the maximum. In the plot experiment, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were increased by returning rice straw to the field, and the contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nno _ 3 N, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased when straw was returned to the field. The contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-N and NO3--N in soil decreased gradually in laboratory simulation experiment. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil decreased first and then increased with the application of straw, which showed as 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. The content of NH4-N in soil increased with the increase of straw content, and the content of NO3--N in soil decreased with the application of rice straw. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased first and then decreased. The available phosphorus and potassium content of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of straw non-returning treatment. There was a positive correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil available nutrients, among which the activity of soil acid phosphatase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium, and the activity of soil sucrase was correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nnnno _ 3-N, and the activity of soil sucrase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and available potassium content, soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content, and soil NO3--N content with significant positive correlation between soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content. The rice yield of straw returning treatment was higher than that of straw non-returning treatment, the rice yield of 0.5STR treatment was higher than that of 1.0STR treatment, and the tillering and effective tiller of rice were improved by applying rice straw.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4
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