【摘要】：豎管地下灌溉是一種新型節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù),由此形成的地下灌溉技術(shù)具有節(jié)水、節(jié)能、投資小、灌水均勻、不易堵塞及使用壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)�，F(xiàn)有的地下灌溉灌水器抗堵、節(jié)能和節(jié)水性能無法同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn),為了實(shí)現(xiàn)灌水器的這一優(yōu)點(diǎn),提出了豎管地下灌水器。采用室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)、理論分析和計(jì)算分析等相結(jié)合的方法,開展豎管地下灌溉入滲特性的試驗(yàn)研究,以期為后續(xù)的研究提供借鑒。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)壓力水頭、豎管直徑越大,累積入滲量和入滲流量越大,但隨入滲時(shí)間增加,壓力水頭對(duì)累積入滲量變化的影響程度逐漸減小。入滲條件相同時(shí),砂質(zhì)壤土入滲量大于粉質(zhì)壤土。當(dāng)壓力水頭為0.5～3.0 m時(shí),豎管灌水器穩(wěn)定入滲流量為0.53～1.25L/h,流量變化范圍較大。(2)影響入滲的因素較多,其中壓力水頭對(duì)累積入滲量的影響最大,是影響累積入滲量的主要因素,而豎管直徑、土壤初始含水率和土壤容重也對(duì)累積入滲量有一定程度的影響,但土壤初始含水率對(duì)累積入滲量的影響最小。(3)渾水入滲試驗(yàn)表明:豎管直徑對(duì)累積入滲量的影響最大,其次為土壤容重、灌水器埋深、含沙量和土壤初始含水率,壓力水頭對(duì)累積入滲量的影響最小。(4)豎管地下灌溉濕潤(rùn)體的呈橢球狀,垂直方向和水平方向濕潤(rùn)峰的運(yùn)移距離隨著入滲時(shí)間的逐漸增加逐漸增大,但在入滲時(shí)間增加到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后,濕潤(rùn)峰的運(yùn)移距離增大幅度逐漸減小。水平方向上的濕潤(rùn)峰運(yùn)移距離介于垂直向濕潤(rùn)峰運(yùn)移距離的向上運(yùn)移距離和向下運(yùn)移距離之間。(5)構(gòu)建了累積入滲量與各影響因素之間的量化模型,驗(yàn)證分析表明模型能夠較好的反映累積入滲量與影響因素之間的關(guān)系。同時(shí),構(gòu)建了濕潤(rùn)峰運(yùn)移距離的計(jì)算模型,驗(yàn)證表明其預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果較好,能夠反映濕潤(rùn)距離與因素之間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Vertical tube underground irrigation is a new type of water-saving irrigation technology, which has the advantages of water saving, energy saving, small investment, uniform irrigation, difficult to block and long service life. The existing underground irrigation emitters are anti-blocking, energy saving and water-saving can not be realized at the same time. In order to realize this advantage of the irrigation emitters, a vertical pipe underground water emitter is proposed. By means of laboratory test, theoretical analysis and calculation analysis, the experimental study on infiltration characteristics of vertical tube underground irrigation is carried out in order to provide reference for further research. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the larger the diameter of the vertical pipe, the greater the cumulative infiltration amount and the infiltration discharge, but with the increase of infiltration time, the influence of pressure head on the cumulative infiltration rate decreases gradually. When the infiltration conditions are the same, the infiltration amount of sandy loam is larger than that of silty loam. When the pressure head is 0.5 ~ 3.0 m, the steady infiltration flow rate of the vertical water emitter is 0.53 ~ 1.25L / h, and the variation range of the flow rate is large. (2) there are many factors affecting the infiltration. The pressure head has the greatest influence on the cumulative infiltration, which is the main factor affecting the cumulative infiltration, while the diameter of vertical pipe, the initial moisture content of soil and the bulk density of soil also affect the cumulative infiltration to some extent. However, the effect of initial soil moisture content on cumulative infiltration was the least. (3) the experiment of muddy water infiltration showed that the diameter of vertical pipe had the greatest influence on the cumulative infiltration, followed by soil bulk density, depth of emitter, sediment content and initial moisture content of soil. The pressure head has the least effect on the cumulative infiltration. (4) the vertical and horizontal wetting peak migration distance increases gradually with the infiltration time increasing. However, when the infiltration time increases to a certain point, the range of migration distance of the wetting peak decreases gradually. The distance of wetting peak migration in horizontal direction is between the upward migration distance and downward migration distance of vertical wetting peak migration distance. (5) the quantitative model between the cumulative infiltration amount and the influencing factors is constructed. Validation analysis shows that the model can well reflect the relationship between cumulative infiltration and influencing factors. At the same time, the calculation model of the migration distance of the wetting peak is constructed, which shows that the predicted results are good and can reflect the relationship between the wetting distance and the factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152.7

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