【摘要】：為了研究坡地總磷流失特征,探究植被覆蓋和施肥對(duì)不同坡長坡地總磷流失的影響,以浙江省丘陵區(qū)坡面菜地紅壤為研究對(duì)象,通過室內(nèi)人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn),在固定雨強(qiáng)120mm/h、固定坡度20°、每場(chǎng)降雨試驗(yàn)的產(chǎn)流歷時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)為30min的條件下,選定不同坡長(1,2,3,4,5m)、不同植被覆蓋度(0,15%,30%,45%,60%,75%,90%)和不同施肥處理空白(CK)、無機(jī)復(fù)合肥(CF)、有機(jī)肥(OF)下進(jìn)行模擬降雨試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:(1)在不同施肥處理、坡長條件下,隨著植被覆蓋度的增加,單位投影面積總磷流失模數(shù)逐漸減少,其中1m坡長下的減少趨勢(shì)不明顯,5m坡長下的減少趨勢(shì)最明顯;不同坡長條件下隨著植被覆蓋度的增加,單位投影面積總磷流失模數(shù)均在90%覆蓋度時(shí)達(dá)到最小,裸地時(shí)最大。(2)在不同施肥處理、相同植被覆蓋度條件下,等長度增加坡長,總磷流失量的增量非等量增加,且在2~3m處最小,3~4m處最大,說明該試驗(yàn)條件下的臨界坡長為4m,最佳坡耕地坡長為3m。(3)在不同施肥處理、坡長條件下,侵蝕相磷素流失量占總磷輸出量的比值為30.24%~94.61%,除1m坡長下存在部分比值小于50%以外,其他均高于50%,說明坡地磷流失主要以侵蝕泥沙攜帶流失為主。(4)不施肥條件下侵蝕相磷素流失量占總磷輸出量的比值高于施肥條件下的,且相比施用無機(jī)肥,施用有機(jī)肥條件下侵蝕相磷素流失量占總磷輸出量的比值較高。
[Abstract]:In order to study the characteristics of total phosphorus loss in sloping land and the effect of vegetation cover and fertilization on total phosphorus loss in slope land of different slope length, the red soil of vegetable field in hilly area of Zhejiang Province was taken as the research object, and the experiment of simulated rainfall was carried out in laboratory. At a fixed rainfall intensity of 120 mm / h, a fixed slope of 20 擄, the runoff duration of each rainfall test was designed as 30min, different slope lengths (1 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 4 ~ 5 m) and different vegetation coverage (0 ~ 15 ~ 15 ~ 30 ~ 45 ~ 45 ~ 60 ~ 75m) were selected. 90%) and different fertilization treatments with blank (CK), inorganic compound fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (OF) were used to simulate rainfall. The results showed that: (1) under the condition of different fertilization and slope length, with the increase of vegetation coverage, the loss modulus of total phosphorus per unit projected area gradually decreased, and the decreasing trend was not obvious under the length of 1m slope. The decreasing trend of 5 m slope is the most obvious. Under different slope length conditions, with the increase of vegetation coverage, the modulus of total phosphorus loss per unit projected area reached the minimum at 90% coverage, and the maximum at bare land. (2) under different fertilization treatments, the loss modulus of total phosphorus per unit projection area was the same under the same vegetation coverage. The increment of total phosphorus loss increased with the increase of equal length of slope, and it was the smallest at 2m and the largest at 3m, which indicated that the critical slope length was 4m, and the optimum slope length was 3m. (3) under different fertilization treatments, the slope length was 3 m. The ratio of phosphorus loss to total phosphorus output in erosive phase was 30.24m 94.61.The ratio of P loss under 1m slope was less than 50%, and the rest was higher than 50%. The results showed that the loss of phosphorus in slope land was mainly carried by erosion and sediment. (4) the ratio of phosphorus loss to total phosphorus output in erosion phase was higher than that in fertilizer application condition, and compared with inorganic fertilizer application. Under the condition of organic fertilizer application, the ratio of phosphorus loss to total phosphorus output in erosive phase was higher.
【作者單位】： 浙江大學(xué)土水資源與環(huán)境研究所浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室浙江大學(xué)環(huán)境與資源學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41471221)
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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