【摘要】：為了進(jìn)一步研究植被覆蓋FBM(fractional brownian motion)分形維數(shù)在不同流域中對(duì)植被覆蓋特征的綜合效果及作為固定參數(shù)代替現(xiàn)有的植被量化指標(biāo)在實(shí)際的水文、土壤侵蝕等預(yù)測模型中的應(yīng)用,該文通過對(duì)大理河流域上中下游青陽岔、李家河和曹坪3個(gè)水文站控制流域的降雨、徑流和產(chǎn)沙等資料的全面綜合分析,以次降雨徑流侵蝕功率作為侵蝕外營力輸入,通過對(duì)站控流域地貌特征FBM分形維數(shù)、植被景觀格局FBM分形維數(shù)和NDVI植被指數(shù)作為描述下墊面特征,以地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)為平臺(tái),利用GIS和RS技術(shù),構(gòu)建大理河流域侵蝕產(chǎn)沙量多元線性回歸模型,并通過2組不同參數(shù)預(yù)測結(jié)果對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明:以植被格局分形維數(shù)為植被量化參數(shù)的模型輸沙模數(shù)模擬值與實(shí)測值之間的相對(duì)誤差和絕對(duì)誤差比以NDVI為植被量化參數(shù)的小;在38場次暴雨洪水中,基于植被格局分形維數(shù)為植被量化參數(shù)的模型次暴雨輸沙模數(shù)模擬值與實(shí)測值之間的相對(duì)誤差小于10%、20%、50%的分別占總場次的34.21%、55.26%、86.85%;38場次暴雨輸沙模數(shù)的模擬值和實(shí)測值之間的平均相對(duì)誤差為25.19%,其中模擬值與實(shí)測值絕對(duì)誤差小于300 t/km~2有31場,植被格局FBM分形維數(shù)可以更好反映植被覆蓋與水土流失之間的關(guān)系,并且分析得到植被格局分形維數(shù)與土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度之間呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,決定系數(shù)為0.506 6,即土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度隨著植被格局FBM分析維數(shù)的增大呈減小趨勢,說明植被格局FBM分形維數(shù)對(duì)土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度的影響較大。
[Abstract]:In order to further study the comprehensive effect of FBM (fractional brownian motion) fractal dimension of vegetation cover on vegetation cover characteristics in different watersheds and its application as a fixed parameter to replace the existing quantitative vegetation indexes in actual hydrological and soil erosion prediction models. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the rainfall, runoff and sediment yield data of the three hydrologic stations in the upper and lower reaches of the Dali River Basin, Qingyangcha, Lijiahe and Chaoping, the erosion power of secondary rainfall runoff is used as the input of external erosion force. The FBM fractal dimension, FBM fractal dimension of vegetation landscape pattern and NDVI vegetation index were used to describe the underlying surface characteristics of the station controlled watershed, and the GIS and RS techniques were used to describe the underlying surface features on the platform of (GIS). The multivariate linear regression model of erosion and sediment yield in Dali River Basin was constructed, and the results of two groups of different parameters were compared. The results show that the relative error and absolute error between the simulated value of sediment transport modulus and the measured value are smaller than those of NDVI as the quantitative parameters of vegetation, and in 38 times of rainstorm flood, the relative error and absolute error of the model with fractal dimension of vegetation pattern as the quantitative parameter of vegetation are smaller than that of the measured value. Model based on Fractal Dimension of vegetation pattern the relative error between simulated value and measured value of sediment transport modulus of secondary rainstorm is less than 10 / 20 / 50% in 34.21 / 55.26 / 86.8585 / 38 rainstorm sediment transport modulus respectively and the measured value is lower than 10 / 20 / 50%. The average relative error between them is 25.19, in which the absolute error between the simulated value and the measured value is less than 300 t/km~2, and there are 31 fields. FBM fractal dimension of vegetation pattern can better reflect the relationship between vegetation cover and soil erosion, and the correlation between fractal dimension of vegetation pattern and soil erosion intensity is negative correlation. The coefficient of determination is 0.506, that is, soil erosion intensity decreases with the increase of FBM analysis dimension of vegetation pattern, indicating that FBM fractal dimension of vegetation pattern has a great influence on soil erosion intensity.
【作者單位】： 北京市水科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院;北京林業(yè)大學(xué)水土保持學(xué)院;西安理工大學(xué)西北水資源與環(huán)境生態(tài)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;北京市非常規(guī)水資源開發(fā)利用與節(jié)水工程技術(shù)研究中心;
【基金】：科技部項(xiàng)目京津冀耗水管理與資源節(jié)水技術(shù)研發(fā)示范(2016YFC0401403) 北京市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目都市農(nóng)業(yè)用水監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)和管理平臺(tái)研究與示范(D151100004115004) 國家自然科學(xué)基金“黃土高原生態(tài)建設(shè)的生態(tài)-水文過程響應(yīng)機(jī)理研究”(41330858);國家自然科學(xué)基金“基于能量過程的坡溝系統(tǒng)侵蝕產(chǎn)沙過程調(diào)控與模擬”(41471226) 北京市博士后工作經(jīng)費(fèi)資助項(xiàng)目
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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