【摘要】：以及時(shí)獲取農(nóng)田墑情信息、提高農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水效率為目標(biāo),本文采用大田試驗(yàn)、理論研究、數(shù)值分析、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與集成相結(jié)合的方法,深入研究了墑情監(jiān)測技術(shù)、水分傳感探頭的布設(shè)位置、土壤墑情監(jiān)測和灌溉自動(dòng)控制模型以及系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)等問題,取得以下主要成果:(1)以烘干法為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),TDR和FDR法測得土壤含水率的變化趨勢一致,TDR法測量精度更高。較TDR法,FDR法的平均絕對誤差增大了1.45%,平均相對誤差增大了10%,TDR和FDR法與烘干法測量結(jié)果的相關(guān)系數(shù)均高達(dá)0.98;采用KMO統(tǒng)計(jì)量和球形假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)Bartlett’s確定了各土層含水量之間存在著一定的相關(guān)性,并通過主成分分析和因子分析確定了10cm、30cm、60cm、90cm四個(gè)深度埋設(shè)水分傳感探頭是合適的;通過研究0~100cm土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)確定了冬小麥和夏玉米在0~40cm土層范圍內(nèi)其土壤水分波動(dòng)幅度最大,且隨著深度的增加波動(dòng)幅度逐漸減少。(2)明確了運(yùn)用Penman-Monteith和鄭州區(qū)域多年平均作物系數(shù)法計(jì)算作物需水量具有較高的精度。在有效降雨量、作物需水量等研究的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)農(nóng)田水量平衡原理建立了墑情監(jiān)測預(yù)報(bào)模型,并在墑情監(jiān)測研究的基礎(chǔ)上建立灌溉預(yù)報(bào)模型,灌溉預(yù)報(bào)模型包括預(yù)報(bào)灌溉水量和灌溉時(shí)間。(3)在土壤墑情監(jiān)測技術(shù)、水分傳感探頭布設(shè)、土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)變化、作物需水量等相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫、硬件及軟件,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了集墑情信息采集、墑情信息處理、墑情預(yù)報(bào)、灌溉預(yù)報(bào)于一體的土壤墑情監(jiān)測技術(shù)與PLC自動(dòng)灌溉系統(tǒng)。并將該系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于楊橋灌區(qū),其結(jié)果表明,整個(gè)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行較穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:In order to obtain soil moisture information in time and improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation water use, the method of field experiment, theoretical research, numerical analysis, system design and integration is adopted in this paper to deeply study the monitoring technology of soil moisture. The location of water sensor probe, soil moisture monitoring and irrigation automatic control model and system design, etc. The main results are as follows: (1) the variation trend of soil moisture content measured by TDR and FDR method is the same, and the precision of TDR method is higher. Compared with TDR method, the average absolute error of FDR method increased by 1.45 and the average relative error increased by 10%. The correlation coefficient between FDR method and drying method was as high as 0.98. KMO statistics and spherical hypothesis test Bartlett's were used to determine the water content in each soil layer. There is a certain correlation between the quantity, Through principal component analysis and factor analysis, it was determined that 10 cm ~ (30) cm ~ (60) cm ~ (10) cm ~ (60) cm ~ (90) cm depth water sensor was suitable, and the range of soil moisture fluctuation of winter wheat and summer maize in 0~40cm soil layer was the largest by studying 0~100cm soil moisture dynamics. With the increase of depth, the fluctuation of crop water demand decreases gradually. (2) it is clear that the method of Penman-Monteith and Zhengzhou area annual average crop coefficient has higher precision in calculating crop water demand. On the basis of the research of effective rainfall and crop water demand, the model of monitoring and forecasting soil moisture is established according to the principle of farmland water balance, and the model of irrigation forecast is established on the basis of monitoring and studying of moisture content. The irrigation forecasting model includes forecasting irrigation water quantity and irrigation time. (3) based on the research of soil moisture monitoring technology, soil moisture sensor placement, soil moisture dynamic change, crop water demand and so on, the system database is designed. Hardware and software, and the realization of soil moisture information collection, moisture information processing, moisture forecast, irrigation forecast in one of the soil moisture monitoring technology and PLC automatic irrigation system. The system is applied to Yangqiao Irrigation District. The results show that the whole system is stable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152.7;S274

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