【摘要】：降雨或灌溉期內(nèi),土壤內(nèi)的空氣很難及時(shí)全部排出。禁錮在土壤中的空氣產(chǎn)生的壓力阻礙了土壤水分入滲。針對空氣阻力對土壤入滲過程的影響,對Green-Ampt模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),提出了非穩(wěn)定降雨條件下考慮空氣阻力作用的分層土壤降雨入滲產(chǎn)流模型(MGAM)。模型中,引入了飽和度系數(shù)(Sa)量化入滲水分剖面滯留空氣影響下的實(shí)際導(dǎo)水系數(shù)和實(shí)際含水量,引入進(jìn)水值(hwb)和進(jìn)氣值(hab)量化濕潤鋒處實(shí)際負(fù)壓水頭,并提出由土壤物理性質(zhì)估算飽和度系數(shù)(Sa)、進(jìn)水值(hwb)和進(jìn)氣值(hab)的參數(shù)化方案。為了驗(yàn)證模型適用性,采用MGAM模型模擬分析了室內(nèi)開展的空氣限制條件下的分層土壤非穩(wěn)定降雨一維入滲產(chǎn)流試驗(yàn)觀測成果,包括土壤水分分布特征、土壤累計(jì)入滲量和徑流強(qiáng)度,并將模型模擬值與試驗(yàn)觀測值,以及傳統(tǒng)不考慮空氣阻力TGAM模型(Traditional Green-Ampt Model)模擬值進(jìn)行了對比分析,結(jié)果表明MGAM模型模擬的土壤累計(jì)入滲量、土壤含水量和徑流強(qiáng)度均與實(shí)測結(jié)果吻合良好,而TGAM模型模擬土壤累計(jì)入滲量、土壤含水量均大于實(shí)測值,而徑流強(qiáng)度小于實(shí)測值。
[Abstract]:During the rainfall or irrigation period, the air in the soil is difficult to be completely discharged in time. The pressure of the air trapped in the soil hinders the infiltration of soil water. In view of the influence of air resistance on soil infiltration process, the Green-Ampt model was improved, and a stratified soil rainfall runoff model (MGAM). Was put forward considering the effect of air resistance under the condition of unstable rainfall. In the model, saturation coefficient (Sa) is introduced to quantify the actual water conductivity and actual water content under the influence of residual air in the infiltration water profile, and the influent value (hwb) and the intake value (hab) are introduced to quantify the actual negative pressure head at the wetting front. A parameterized scheme for estimating saturation coefficient (Sa), influent value (hwb) and intake air value (hab) from soil physical properties was proposed. In order to verify the applicability of the model, MGAM model was used to simulate and analyze the results of one-dimensional infiltration and runoff experiment of stratified soil under the condition of air limitation, including the characteristics of soil moisture distribution. The soil accumulative infiltration and runoff intensity were compared with the simulated values of the model and the experimental values, and the simulated values of the traditional TGAM model (Traditional Green-Ampt Model) without considering the air resistance. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration of the soil was simulated by the MGAM model. The soil water content and runoff intensity are in good agreement with the measured results, while the TGAM model simulates the cumulative infiltration of the soil, the soil moisture content is larger than the measured value, and the runoff intensity is less than the measured value.
【作者單位】： 中國水利水電科學(xué)研究院流域水循環(huán)模擬與調(diào)控國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目(2015CB452701) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51379215,50939006) 流域水循環(huán)模擬與調(diào)控國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主研究課題(2016ZY03)
【分類號】：S152.72

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