【摘要】：鹽生植物改良鹽堿地作為改良鹽堿地最有效的方法之一,具有成本低,效率高,環(huán)境友好等特點(diǎn),有良好的應(yīng)用前景。該文包括2個(gè)研究目標(biāo):1)研究間作不同鹽生植物的膜下滴灌棉田水鹽運(yùn)移特性;2)研究不同地下水埋深條件下鹽生植物的鹽堿地改良效果。針對(duì)第1個(gè)研究目標(biāo),設(shè)置了3種(孜然、堿蓬、苜蓿)間作鹽生植物,進(jìn)行大田試驗(yàn),分析地下水埋深相似條件下間作不同鹽生植物時(shí)土壤水鹽分布狀況;針對(duì)第2個(gè)研究目標(biāo),設(shè)置了4種地下水埋深(1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 m),進(jìn)行均衡場(chǎng)試驗(yàn),研究不同地下水埋深條件下間作鹽生植物時(shí)地下水的補(bǔ)給比例和土壤脫鹽效果。結(jié)果表明:1)膜下滴灌棉田間作鹽生植物能明顯提高棉花生育期膜間和膜內(nèi)0~30 cm土層平均含水率,且堿蓬效果最明顯;間作條件下苜蓿、堿蓬、孜然、對(duì)照0~100 cm土層平均脫鹽率依次為55.97%、-18.77%、-21.43%、-307.52%,即苜蓿的總脫鹽率效果最好;間作鹽生植物能在一定程度上抑制0~100 cm土層鈉離子和氯離子的聚集,同時(shí)增加棉花產(chǎn)量和提高其水分利用效率,且堿蓬對(duì)抑制鹽離子累積的效果最好;2)間作條件下,地下水埋深越淺,0~100 cm土層平均含水率越高,膜內(nèi)膜間的含水率差異越小,土壤的脫鹽率越低。與未間作相比,間作種植有效的提高了土壤脫鹽率,增加了棉花產(chǎn)量、提高了地下水補(bǔ)給比例和水分利用效率。可見(jiàn),膜下滴灌棉田間作鹽生植物不僅可以有效降低土壤含鹽量,增加其含水率,還可以增加棉花產(chǎn)量和提高其水分利用效率,且間作堿蓬和苜蓿的節(jié)水、脫鹽、增產(chǎn)效果較好,這為膜下滴灌土壤鹽堿地改良提供了有效的理論支撐。
[Abstract]:As one of the most effective methods to improve saline-alkali land, halophyte has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency and friendly environment, so it has a good prospect of application. This paper includes two research objectives: 1) study on the water and salt transport characteristics of intercropping different halophytes in drip irrigation cotton field, 2) study on the effect of saline-alkali soil improvement of halophytes under different groundwater depth. In view of the first research objective, three kinds of intercropping halophytes (cumin, Suaeda salsa, alfalfa) were set up to carry out field experiments to analyze the distribution of soil water and salt in different halophytes under the condition of similar groundwater depth. Aiming at the second research objective, four kinds of groundwater burial depth (1.5 ~ 2. 0 ~ 2. 5 ~ 3. 0 m),) were set up to carry out a balanced field test. The recharge ratio of groundwater and the effect of soil desalination under different groundwater depth were studied. The results showed that: 1) the intercropping halophytes in cotton field under film drip irrigation could significantly increase the average soil moisture content of 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer during cotton growth period, and the effect of Suaeda salsa was the most obvious, and alfalfa, Suaeda salsa, cumin under intercropping condition. The average desalinization rate of 0 ~ (10) cm soil layer was 55.97 ~ 18.77 ~ 21.43, that is, the total desalinization rate of alfalfa was the best, and the intercropping halophyte could restrain the accumulation of sodium and chloride ions in 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer to a certain extent, at the same time increase cotton yield and water use efficiency. And Suaeda salsa had the best effect on inhibiting salt ion accumulation. 2) under intercropping condition, the shallower the groundwater was, the higher the average water content of 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer was, the smaller the difference of water content between membrane was, and the lower the desalinization rate of soil was. Compared with non-intercropping, intercropping increased soil desalinization rate, cotton yield, groundwater recharge ratio and water use efficiency. It can be seen that the intercropping halophytes in cotton field under film drip irrigation can not only effectively reduce the soil salt content and increase its moisture content, but also increase cotton yield and water use efficiency, and the intercropping Suaeda salsa and alfalfa can save water and desalinate. The effect of increasing yield is better, which provides an effective theoretical support for soil saline-alkali land improvement under drip irrigation under film.
【作者單位】： 西安理工大學(xué)西北旱區(qū)生態(tài)水利工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51379173) 陜西省教育廳重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室科研計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(16JS085)
【分類號(hào)】：S156.4

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