【摘要】：為探討不同耕作措施對(duì)隴中黃土高原地區(qū)春小麥及豌豆土壤微生物群落功能多樣性的影響,應(yīng)用Biolog技術(shù),借助甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2001年建立的長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn),分別研究了傳統(tǒng)耕作、免耕、免耕秸稈覆蓋和傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈還田四種耕作方式對(duì)春小麥及豌豆在播前和收后且不同土層(0~5cm、5~10cm、10~30cm)土壤微生物功能多樣性的影響,以期為建立合理的耕作方式,提高生產(chǎn)力并減少水土流失等促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)良性發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。并得到以下主要研究結(jié)論:(1)免耕秸稈覆蓋(NTS)處理對(duì)于豌豆及春小麥土壤微生物的整體活性(AWCD)具有顯著地提高效果。土壤微生物的整體活性隨著培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的不斷增加,碳源逐漸被不同程度的利用,土壤微生物利用碳源的能力逐漸增大,培養(yǎng)曲線呈“S”型增長(zhǎng)。在作物播前和收后,豌豆土壤微生物AWCD值在各處理下的變化趨勢(shì)表現(xiàn)為NTS(免耕秸稈覆蓋)NT(免耕)TS(傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈還田)T(傳統(tǒng)耕作);春小麥土壤微生物AWCD值在各處理下的變化趨勢(shì)呈現(xiàn)NTS(免耕秸稈覆蓋)NT(免耕)TS(傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈還田)T(傳統(tǒng)耕作)。(2)免耕秸稈覆蓋(NTS)及免耕(NT)措施能夠顯著提高春小麥播前和收后土壤微生物群落多樣性指數(shù)、均一度指數(shù)及豐富度指數(shù);免耕(NT)及傳統(tǒng)耕作秸稈還田(TS)措施對(duì)豌豆播前及收后土壤微生物群落的均一度指數(shù)和豐富度指數(shù)具有顯著的提高效果。(3)播前及收后土壤微生物群落的整體活性(AWCD)在不同的土層中,春小麥表現(xiàn)為5~10cm0~5cm10~30cm;豌豆表現(xiàn)為0~5cm5~10cm10~30cm。(4)播前及收后土壤微生物群落多樣性指數(shù)、均一度指數(shù)及豐富度指數(shù)在不同的土層中,春小麥表現(xiàn)為5~10cm0~5cm10~30cm;豌豆表現(xiàn)為0~5cm5~10cm10~30cm。(5)春小麥和豌豆播前和收后土壤微生物對(duì)單一碳源的利用在不同的處理下表現(xiàn)出明顯的差異性,免耕措施及秸稈措施是主要的影響因素。(6)豌豆播前土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源為羧酸類、氨基酸類碳源;豌豆收后土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源為羧酸類、氨基酸類及糖類碳源。糖類碳源是區(qū)分秸稈處理(NTS、TS)和無(wú)秸稈處理(T、NT)的主要碳源;氨基酸類及羧酸類碳源是區(qū)分耕作處理(T、TS)和免耕處理(NT、NTS)的主要碳源。(7)春小麥播前土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源為糖類、氨基酸類及羧酸類碳源;春小麥?zhǔn)蘸笸寥牢⑸锶郝淅玫闹饕荚礊樘穷�、氨基酸類及胺類碳源。糖類碳源是區(qū)分耕作處理(T、TS)和免耕處理(NT、NTS)的主要碳源;氨基酸類碳源是區(qū)分秸稈處理(NTS、TS)和無(wú)秸稈處理(T、NT)的主要碳源。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different tillage measures on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities of spring wheat and pea in Longzhong Loess Plateau, traditional tillage was studied by using Biolog technique and the long-term positioning experiment established by Gansu Agricultural University in 2001. Effects of no-tillage, no-tillage straw mulch and traditional tillage straw returning on the microbial functional diversity of spring wheat and pea in different soil layers (0 ~ 5 cm ~ (5 cm) ~ 5 ~ 10 cm ~ (-1) ~ (10) cm ~ (-1) ~ 1030 cm) were studied in order to establish a reasonable tillage method. To improve productivity and reduce soil erosion to promote the sound development of agricultural ecosystems provides scientific basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) (NTS) treatment with no-tillage straw mulch can significantly improve the overall activity of (AWCD) in pea and spring wheat soil. With the increasing of culture time, the whole activity of soil microorganism was gradually utilized, and the ability of soil microorganism to utilize carbon source increased gradually, and the culture curve increased in "S" type. Before and after the crop is sown, The variation trend of soil microbial AWCD value of pea under each treatment was NTS (no-tillage straw mulching) NT (no-tillage) TS (traditional tillage straw returning to) T (traditional tillage) and spring wheat soil microbial AWCD value under each treatment showed NTS ( No tillage straw mulching) NT (no tillage) TS (returning straw to field) T (traditional tillage). (2) No tillage straw mulching (NTS) and no tillage (NT) could significantly improve soil microbial community diversity index before and after spring wheat sowing. Evenness index and richness index; The measures of no-tillage (NT) and traditional tillage straw returning (TS) could significantly improve the evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community before and after sowing. (3) the whole active (AWCD) of soil microbial community before and after sowing. In different soil layers, The results showed that the soil microbial community diversity index, evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community in spring wheat and pea were 5 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm and 30 cm, respectively. (4) the diversity index, evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community were found in different soil layers before and after sowing. The performance of spring wheat and pea were 510cm / 10cm / 5cm ~ (10) and 30cm respectively. (5) the utilization of single carbon source by soil microorganism of spring wheat and pea was obviously different under different treatments, and that of pea and spring wheat was 5cm ~ (10) ~ (10) cm ~ (10) ~ (10) 路cm ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ 30 cm ~ (-1). Non-tillage measures and straw measures were the main influencing factors. (6) the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization before pea sowing were carboxylic acids and amino acid carbon sources, and the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization after pea harvest were carboxylic acids. Amino acids and carbohydrates. Carbohydrate carbon is the main carbon source to distinguish straw treatment (NTS,TS) and straw free treatment (Tnt). Amino acids and carboxylic acid carbon sources were the main carbon sources to distinguish tillage treatment (Thunts) and no-tillage treatment (NT,NTS). (7) the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization before sowing of spring wheat were carboxylic acid carbon sources, amino acids and carboxylic acid carbon sources. The main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization after spring wheat harvest were carbohydrate, amino acid and amines. Carbohydrate carbon source was the main carbon source of tillage treatment and no-tillage treatment (NT,NTS), and amino acid carbon source was the main carbon source to distinguish straw treatment (NTS,TS) and straw free treatment (Tnt).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S154.3

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