【摘要】：【目的】針對江蘇省規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖廢棄物超排,嚴(yán)重引起環(huán)境污染且資源大量浪費的突出問題,開展了稻麥農(nóng)田豬糞有機肥替代化肥后耕層土壤重金屬Zn的變化特征研究,并基于耕層土壤Zn累積速率探討了豬糞有機肥安全施用量,為規(guī)模養(yǎng)豬場有機肥安全利用技術(shù)推廣提供科學(xué)依據(jù)�！痉椒ā坎捎锰镩g定位試驗方法,根據(jù)稻麥兩熟制農(nóng)田豬糞有機肥用量,設(shè)對照(CK)、化肥(CF)、25%豬糞+75%化肥(25%PM)、50%豬糞+50%化肥(50%PM)、75%豬糞+25%化肥(75%PM)、100%豬糞(100%PM)、125%豬糞(125%PM)和200%豬糞(200%PM),共8個處理,每個處理3次重復(fù)。在2013和2014年水稻收獲期,分0—10 cm和10—20 cm兩個土層采集5點混合土壤樣品。采用HF HNO_3 HClO_4消煮和DTPA浸提—原子吸收分光光度法分別測定土壤總Zn和有效態(tài)Zn含量,分析不同量豬糞有機肥施用后土壤總Zn和有效態(tài)Zn的變化特征和累積速率。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合不同豬糞有機肥施用量的耕層土壤總Zn年累積速率,分析稻麥農(nóng)田豬糞有機肥可安全施用年限�！窘Y(jié)果】稻麥農(nóng)田豬糞有機肥施用后第3、4年水稻收獲期,0—10 cm和10—20 cm土層總Zn和有效態(tài)Zn含量,以及總Zn和有效態(tài)Zn的累積速率,均隨著豬糞有機肥施用比例提高呈線性增加趨勢。2014年水稻收獲期,不同豬糞有機肥處理耕層0—10 cm土壤總Zn和有效態(tài)Zn含量的變化范圍分別為91.1~236.5和8.9~49.4 mg/kg,年累積速率變化范圍分別為6.6~42.9和1.9~2.0 mg/(kg·a),即耕層土壤年累積的有效態(tài)Zn含量占總Zn含量的比例為28.0%~31.3%。由耕層0—10 cm土壤總Zn的年累積速率可知,稻麥農(nóng)田豬糞有機肥可安全施用年限隨著豬糞有機肥施用比例提高呈現(xiàn)乘冪方程的降低趨勢。在農(nóng)業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)50年尺度上豬糞有機肥氮替代比例為11.1%~12.5%,20年尺度上豬糞有機肥氮替代比例為33.6%~35.5%�！窘Y(jié)論】豬糞有機肥連續(xù)施用后,稻麥兩熟農(nóng)田耕層土壤Zn存在累積效應(yīng),并隨著豬糞有機肥施用量增加呈線性增強的趨勢�；谠摱ㄎ辉囼灥母麑油寥揽俍n累積速率,建議短期豬糞有機肥氮替代率不超過35%,中長期豬糞有機肥氮替代率不超過12.5%。
[Abstract]:[objective] in order to solve the serious problems of superovulation of large scale aquaculture wastes in Jiangsu Province, which caused serious environmental pollution and a large amount of waste of resources, the change characteristics of heavy metal Zn in the topsoil of rice and wheat farmland after pig manure was replaced by chemical fertilizer were studied in this paper. Based on the accumulation rate of Zn in cultivated soil, the amount of safe application of organic fertilizer in pig manure was discussed, which provided a scientific basis for the popularization of safe utilization technology of organic fertilizer in large-scale pig farms. [methods] the field location test method was adopted. According to the amount of organic manure of pig manure in paddy and wheat field, eight treatments were used: (CF), 25%, 50%PM, 75%PM, 100%PM, 125%PM and 200%PM, with 8 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results were as follows: (1) (CK), fertilizer, 25% pig manure (25%PM), 50% pig manure (50%PM), 75% pig manure (75%PM), 100% pig manure (100%PM), 125% pig manure (125%PM) and 200% pig manure (200%PM). Five mixed soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers during the harvest period of rice in 2013 and 2014. The contents of total Zn and available Zn in soil were determined by HF HNO_3 HClO_4 digestion and DTPA soaking-atomic absorption spectrophotometry respectively. The change characteristics and accumulation rate of total Zn and available Zn were analyzed after different amounts of organic manure were applied. According to the second grade standard of agricultural safety production, combined with the annual accumulation rate of total Zn of tilling layer soil with different application amount of pig manure organic fertilizer, The years of safe application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields were analyzed. [results] the total Zn and available Zn contents in soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm were obtained in the 3rd and 4th year after the application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields. The cumulative rate of total Zn and available Zn increased linearly with the increase of organic fertilizer application in pig manure. The range of total Zn and available Zn content of cultivated layer 0-10 cm in different organic manure treatments were 91.1 ~ 236.5 and 8.9 ~ 49.4 mg/kg, respectively. The range of annual accumulative rate was 6.6 ~ 42.9 and 1.9N ~ 2.0 mg/ (kg a), respectively, that is, the content of available Zn in topsoil. The ratio of total Zn content was 28.0% and 31.3%. According to the annual accumulated rate of total Zn of 0-10 cm soil in tilling layer, the safe years of application of pig manure in rice and wheat fields showed the decreasing trend of power equation with the increase of application proportion of pig manure. In the second class standard of agricultural safety, the nitrogen substitution ratio of pig manure organic fertilizer was 11.1g / 12.5in 50 years scale, and that in 20 years scale was 33.6% 35.50.Conclusion after continuous application of pig manure organic fertilizer, the nitrogen substitution ratio of pig manure organic fertilizer is 11.1g / 12.5. [conclusion] after continuous application of pig manure organic fertilizer, There was a cumulative effect of Zn in the topsoil of rice-wheat double cropping field, and it showed a linear increasing trend with the increase of the application rate of pig manure organic fertilizer. Based on the total Zn accumulation rate of the topsoil, it is suggested that the nitrogen substitution rate of short-term pig manure should not exceed 35 and that of medium and long term pig manure should not exceed 12.5.
【作者單位】： 江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境研究所/江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)研究中心;
【基金】：農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201203050-2)資助
【分類號】：S141

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