【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著國(guó)家土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策的執(zhí)行,各地涌現(xiàn)了一大批稻作規(guī)模種植大戶、專業(yè)合作社等,土地集約利用程度大大提高,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效益也實(shí)現(xiàn)了大幅度的提升。但是,稻作的規(guī)模種植隨著種植面積的不斷擴(kuò)大,受天氣氣候因素的影響和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也越來(lái)越大。本文以湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市望城區(qū)雙季水稻規(guī)模種植為研究對(duì)象,開(kāi)展《優(yōu)質(zhì)水稻規(guī)模種植氣象防災(zāi)減災(zāi)技術(shù)研究》科研課題研究,指導(dǎo)稻作規(guī)模種植大戶、專業(yè)合作社等及時(shí)獲取準(zhǔn)確的氣象信息,趨利避害開(kāi)展稻作生產(chǎn)。本文利用插值分析法、網(wǎng)格分析法、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析法和回歸分析法等方法以及ArcGIS系統(tǒng),分析了全區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件、農(nóng)業(yè)氣候資源、農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害。依據(jù)稻作不同生育期對(duì)溫光水條件的要求,確定了雙季早、晚稻生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵期的農(nóng)業(yè)氣象指標(biāo)。研究期間,通過(guò)指導(dǎo)稻作規(guī)模種植企業(yè)和農(nóng)民大戶科學(xué)地制訂種植規(guī)劃和搭配雙季水稻品種,及時(shí)提供準(zhǔn)確的氣象信息,合理安排水稻的生產(chǎn)管理,推廣應(yīng)用有效的農(nóng)業(yè)氣象防災(zāi)減災(zāi)適用技術(shù),為當(dāng)?shù)氐乃旧a(chǎn)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù),并且產(chǎn)生了顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。經(jīng)過(guò)研究總結(jié),得出如下主要結(jié)論:(1)基于稻作規(guī)模種植的氣象災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制,農(nóng)民大戶最佳種植面積約為33.3-100.0 hm2,企業(yè)大戶的最佳種植面積約為66.7-266.7 hm2。(2)稻作規(guī)模種植企業(yè)和農(nóng)民大戶應(yīng)以各地雙季晚稻安全齊穗日期(望城區(qū)為9月16日)作為參考依據(jù),科學(xué)選擇和搭配不同品種的雙季稻。(3)應(yīng)結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害特點(diǎn)來(lái)確定稻作種植規(guī)劃、品種搭配,依據(jù)不同生育期階段內(nèi)天氣變化科學(xué)調(diào)整生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃,錯(cuò)開(kāi)農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí)段開(kāi)展生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。(4)推廣農(nóng)業(yè)氣象適用技術(shù),能有效提高影響水稻生產(chǎn)對(duì)低溫冷害、高溫?zé)岷Α⒏珊�、洪澇等農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害的防御能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the implementation of the national land transfer policy, a large number of large-scale rice planting households, professional cooperatives and so on have emerged. The intensive use of land has been greatly improved, and the efficiency of agricultural production has also been greatly improved. However, with the increasing of planting area, rice planting scale is more and more affected by weather and climate factors. In this paper, based on the large-scale cultivation of double cropping rice in Wangcheng District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, the scientific research topic of "Meteorological disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology for Large-scale planting of High quality Rice" was carried out to guide the large-scale planting of rice. Professional cooperatives and other timely access to accurate meteorological information, benefit and avoid harm to develop rice production. In this paper, interpolation analysis, grid analysis, statistical analysis, regression analysis and ArcGIS system are used to analyze the agricultural production conditions, agroclimatic resources and agrometeorological disasters in the whole region. According to the requirements of different growing periods of rice on the conditions of warm light and water, the agrometeorological indexes of the key periods of rice production were determined. During the research period, by instructing large-scale rice planting enterprises and large farmers to scientifically formulate planting planning and collocation of double-cropping rice varieties, timely providing accurate meteorological information, and rationally arranging rice production management, The application of effective agrometeorological disaster prevention and mitigation technology provides a scientific basis for local rice production and produces remarkable economic benefits. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Meteorological disaster risk control based on rice planting scale. The optimum planting area of large farmers is about 33.3-100.0 hm2,. The optimum planting area is about 66.7-266.7 hm2. (2) the rice scale planting enterprises and farmers' large households should take the safe full heading date (Wangcheng District is September 16) as the reference basis. Scientific selection and collocation of different varieties of double cropping rice. (3) according to the characteristics of local agrometeorological disasters, it is necessary to determine the planting plan of rice, to match varieties, and to adjust the production plan scientifically according to the weather changes in different growth periods. (4) popularizing agrometeorological application technology can effectively improve the ability of preventing agricultural meteorological disasters such as low temperature chilling injury, high temperature heat hazard, drought, flood and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S42

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