【摘要】：河北壩上地處河北省西北部,分布著大大小小的湖泊幾百個(gè),由于自然因素和人為活動(dòng)的干擾,有許多湖泊已經(jīng)干涸或正在干涸,這些干涸后的湖泊產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)蝕現(xiàn)象對(duì)下風(fēng)向居民的生產(chǎn)和生活造成干擾,也對(duì)周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。但目前關(guān)于壩上干湖盆土壤風(fēng)蝕方面的研究相對(duì)較少,因此,開展該區(qū)域干湖盆土壤風(fēng)蝕特征研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)和理論意義。本文以干涸后的安固里淖作為研究對(duì)象,在干湖盆選取了四種典型地類,通過選取樣點(diǎn)、野外觀測(cè)、土樣采集、室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)等一系列工作開展干湖盆土壤風(fēng)蝕特征研究,其主要的研究成果如下:(1)湖區(qū)內(nèi)土壤主要以粉粒(0.002~0.05 mm)為主,湖區(qū)外圍土壤主要以粉粒(0.002~0.05 mm)、極細(xì)沙(0.05~0.1 mm)和細(xì)沙(0.1~0.25 mm)為主,湖區(qū)東側(cè)比西側(cè)土壤質(zhì)地更細(xì)。土壤含水量由湖區(qū)內(nèi)部向外圍呈遞減趨勢(shì),但湖岸邊緣含水量最高。研究區(qū)土壤鹽堿化現(xiàn)象明顯,含鹽量及pH均較高,東側(cè)含鹽量和pH均高于西側(cè)。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量總體偏低,但東側(cè)與西側(cè)相比含量較高。(2)地表粗糙度(Z0)的變化為:堿蓬區(qū)灌叢區(qū)湖心區(qū)過渡區(qū)。(3)四種典型地類以0.002-0.05mm粉粒含量比例最高,0.5-1.0mm粗沙粒含量最低;土壤硬度為:灌叢區(qū)湖心區(qū)堿蓬區(qū)過渡區(qū);有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為:堿蓬區(qū)過渡區(qū)湖心區(qū)灌叢區(qū)。四種典型地類土壤粒度、硬度、有機(jī)質(zhì)的對(duì)比結(jié)果與整個(gè)干湖盆四種地類對(duì)比結(jié)果一致。(4)四種典型地類土壤表層含水量最大處在湖心區(qū),其次為堿蓬區(qū)、灌叢區(qū)、過渡區(qū)。而整個(gè)湖盆大范圍采樣時(shí)上風(fēng)向湖岸邊緣地勢(shì)較低易積水,因此導(dǎo)致含水量出現(xiàn)差異,干湖盆整體取樣時(shí)含水量最大處在堿蓬區(qū),其次為湖心區(qū)、灌叢區(qū)、過渡區(qū)。(5)四種典型地類以過渡區(qū)輸沙量最大,分別是堿蓬去、灌叢區(qū)、湖心區(qū)的1.22倍、1.36倍、1.52倍。安固里淖干湖盆現(xiàn)今土壤風(fēng)蝕狀況并不嚴(yán)重,隨著時(shí)間的推移其大量的細(xì)顆粒物質(zhì)必定會(huì)成為風(fēng)蝕隱患。
[Abstract]:Bashang, Hebei Province, is located in the northwest of Hebei Province, with hundreds of lakes large and small. Due to natural factors and human activities, many lakes have dried up or are drying up. The phenomenon of wind erosion caused by these dried lakes interferes with the production and life of residents in the downwind direction, and also has an impact on the surrounding ecological environment. However, there are few researches on wind erosion in the dry lake basin of Bashang at present. Therefore, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study the wind erosion characteristics of the dry lake basin in this area. In this paper, the dry Angulinao is taken as the research object, four kinds of typical land species are selected in the dry lake basin, and a series of work, such as selecting sample points, field observation, soil sample collection and laboratory experiments, is carried out to study the characteristics of soil wind erosion in dry lake basin. The main results are as follows: (1) the soil in the lake area is mainly silt (0.002 ~ 0. 05 mm), and the soil in the periphery of the lake is mainly silt (0. 002 ~ 0. 05 mm),) and fine sand (0. 10 ~ 0. 25 mm). The soil texture of the east side of the lake area is thinner than that of the west side. The soil moisture content decreased from the interior of the lake area to the periphery, but the water content of the edge of the lake bank was the highest. The salinization phenomenon of soil in the study area was obvious, the salt content and pH were higher in the east side than in the west side, and the salt content and pH in the east side were higher than those in the west side. The content of soil organic matter was generally low, but the content of soil organic matter in the east side was higher than that in the west side. (2) the change of surface roughness (Z0) was as follows: the transition area of the lake center in the shrub area of Suaeda region. (3) the content of coarse sand with the highest content of 0.002-0.05mm powder was the highest in the four typical landforms (0.5-1.0 mm). The soil hardness is as follows: the transition area of Suaeda salsa and the content of organic matter are: the shrub area in the lake center of Suaeda salsa region. The results of soil grain size, soil hardness and organic matter were consistent with those of the whole dry lake basin. (4) the soil surface water content of the four typical soils was the largest in the center of the lake, followed by Suaeda salsa, thickets and transitional areas. However, when the whole lake basin is sampled in a large area, the upper wind is easy to accumulate water on the edge of the lake shore, which leads to the difference of water content. The maximum water content of the dry lake basin is in Suaeda salsa area, followed by the lake center area and thicket area. (5) in the transition area, the sediment transport in the transition area is the largest, which is 1.22 times (1.36 times) and 1.52 times (1.52 times) that of Suaeda salsa, thicket and lake center respectively. The wind erosion in dry lake basin of Anguliao is not serious at present. As time goes on, a large number of fine particles are bound to be hidden danger of wind erosion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1

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