地膜覆蓋與施肥條件下土壤氮素在團聚體中的分布特征
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-04 23:23
【摘要】：土壤團聚體是土壤發(fā)生物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化和能量交換的場所,土壤功能主要依靠良好的團聚體結(jié)構(gòu)來實現(xiàn)。地膜覆蓋通過對土壤溫度和水分的作用改變了土壤的基本理化特征,在實現(xiàn)作物高產(chǎn)同時產(chǎn)生了地力消耗過大的問題。施肥是地膜覆蓋條件下提高土壤地力的一個重要措施。然而關(guān)于地膜覆蓋與施肥條件下土壤團聚體及其養(yǎng)分在土壤剖面的分布特征仍不太清楚。本研究基于遼寧省沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)后山棕壤長期定位試驗基地,開展長期地膜覆蓋與施肥對不同土層團聚體中氮素影響的研究,以期為土壤可持續(xù)利用和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和實踐指導(dǎo)。本研究選用裸地條件下不施肥、單施氮肥和單施有機肥處理及地膜覆蓋條件下與之相對應(yīng)的施肥處理;采用干篩法將土壤團聚體分為2 mm、1-2 mm、0.25-1 mm、0.25 mm 四個粒級;分析不同土層(0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm)土壤團聚體中氮素的含量及儲量。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)土壤團聚體均以0.25-1 mm為優(yōu)勢粒級,占土壤干重量33.96%-47.97%;0.25 mm粒級團聚體比例最低,其比例不超過10%。覆膜與裸地相比顯著增加了表層(0-20 cm)土壤1-2 mm團聚體比例,卻降低了 0.25-1 mm團聚體比例。與不施肥和單施化肥相比較,施用有機肥增加了大團聚體(2mm)的含量。(2)同一土層土壤全氮主要分布在0.25-1 mm粒級團聚體中(儲量平均為1.02thm-2);其次為1-2 mm和2 mm粒級團聚體,其比例平均分別為29.43%和21.02%;0.25 mm粒級團聚體最低,其比例小于3.69%。表層(0-20 cm)土壤有機肥的施用增加了大團聚體全氮的儲量,且裸地2 mm粒級團聚體氮儲量較覆膜增加32.31%,而0.25mm粒級卻降低31.82%;不施肥處理覆膜和裸地對團聚體氮儲量分布的影響與施有機肥正好相反。(3)土壤大團聚體(0.25 mm)中銨態(tài)氮儲量主要在0-40 cm 土層積累。土壤銨態(tài)氮平均約有20.02%和20.49%分配到2 mm和1-2 mm粒級團聚體;0.25-1 mm團聚體中銨態(tài)氮的比例占25.89%-33.59%;0.25 mm粒級團聚體中銨態(tài)氮的比例僅有9.25%。團聚體中銨態(tài)氮儲量不受地膜覆蓋及其與土層深度交互作用的影響(P0.05)。0-40 cm土層,氮肥的施用增加了各級團聚體中銨態(tài)氮儲量,而有機肥的施用卻降低了各級團聚體中銨態(tài)氮的儲量。(4)土壤團聚體中硝態(tài)氮儲量隨土層深度的加深而降低(除裸地施氮肥處理外)。裸地施氮肥處理各粒級團聚體硝態(tài)氮儲量主要集中在20-40 cm 土層。底層40-60 cm硝態(tài)氮儲量比表層0-20 cm 土層低35.65%-42.63%。氮肥的施用顯著增加了各級團聚體中硝態(tài)氮儲量,與覆膜相比,裸地顯著增加表層(0-20 cm)土壤團聚體中硝態(tài)氮儲量(P0.05)。在20-60 cm 土層,不施肥處理團聚體硝態(tài)氮儲量不受覆膜的影響(P0.05)。以上研究結(jié)果表明,大團聚體是土壤氮素的主要載體,對氮素有較強的富集能力和物理保護作用。地膜覆蓋改變了土壤的溫度和水分條件,影響了作物對硝態(tài)氮的吸收利用,減少了其在土壤剖面團聚體中的累積,而銨態(tài)氮的變化不受覆膜溫度和濕度條件變化的影響。長期化學(xué)氮肥的施用引起銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮的在土壤剖面團聚體的富集。因此地膜覆蓋與施有機肥是促進作物高產(chǎn),保證土壤可持續(xù)利用和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有利措施。
[Abstract]:The soil aggregate is the place where the soil undergoes material conversion and energy exchange, and the soil function mainly depends on the good aggregate structure. By changing the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the soil by the action of soil temperature and moisture, the invention solves the problems of great power consumption at the same time of realizing high yield of crops. Fertilization is an important measure to improve soil ground force under the condition of fertilization. However, the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates and their nutrient in soil profiles were not very clear under the conditions of fertilization and fertilization. This study was based on the long-term positioning test base of brown earth in the back mountain of Shenyang Agricultural University in Liaoning Province, and carried out a study on the effects of long-term fertilization and fertilization on nitrogen in different soil layers, with a view to providing scientific basis and practical guidance for the sustainable utilization of soil and the sustainable development of agriculture. The soil aggregates were divided into 2 mm, 1-2 mm, 0. 25-1 mm, 0. 25 mm size fractions by dry sieving method, and different soil layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm) were analyzed. 40-60 cm) The content and reserves of nitrogen in soil aggregates. The main results are as follows: (1) The soil aggregate is 0. 25-1 mm as the dominant size, accounting for 33. 96% -47. 97% of the dry weight of the soil; 0. 25 mm, the proportion of the agglomerate is the lowest, and the proportion is not more than 10%. Compared with bare ground, the ratio of 1-2 mm agglomerate of surface layer (0-20 cm) was significantly increased, but the ratio of 0. 25-1 mm agglomerate was decreased. The application of organic fertilizer increased the content of large aggregates (2mm) compared with non-fertilization and single-application fertilizers. (2) The total nitrogen of soil in the same soil layer is mainly distributed in 0. 25-1 mm size-size aggregates (reserves average is 1. 02thm-2); secondly, it is 1-2 mm and 2 mm size-size aggregates, and their proportion is 29. 43% and 21. 02% respectively; 0. 25 mm size fraction aggregates are the lowest, and the proportion is less than 3.69%. The application of the surface layer (0-20 cm) of soil organic fertilizer increased the total nitrogen reserve of the large aggregate, and the nitrogen reserve of the 2 mm size agglomerate was increased by 32.31%, while the size of 0. 25mm decreased by 31. 82%, and the effect of the non-fertilization treatment film and bare ground on the distribution of the nitrogen reserve of the aggregate was the reverse of the application of the organic fertilizer. (3) In the soil mass aggregate (0. 25 mm), the reserves were mainly accumulated in 0-40 cm soil layer. The average soil moisture content was about 20.02% and 20.49%, which was distributed to 2 mm and 1-2 mm size aggregates, and the proportion of cryolite in 0. 25-1 mm aggregates was 25. 89% -33. 59%; 0. 25 mm was only 9.25%. The mineral reserves in the aggregates were not influenced by the soil depth and the depth of soil layer (P0.05). The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the reserves of the aggregates in the aggregates at all levels, while the application of the organic fertilizer reduced the reserves of the aggregates in the aggregates at all levels. (4) The amount of nitrate nitrogen in soil aggregate decreased with the depth of soil layer (except for bare application of nitrogen fertilizer). The N-N reserves of each size-size aggregate are mainly concentrated in 20-40cm soil layer by applying nitrogen fertilizer to bare land. The nitrogen reserve of 40-60cm in the bottom layer is 35. 65% -42. 63% lower than that of 0-20cm soil layer in the surface layer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen reserves in the aggregates at all levels. Compared with the tectorial membrane, the nitrate nitrogen reserve of the surface layer (0-20 cm) was significantly increased (P <0.05). In the 20-60cm soil layer, the N-N reserves of the non-fertilizer-treated aggregates were not affected by the coating film (P0.05). The above results show that large aggregates are the main carriers of soil nitrogen and have strong enrichment and physical protection effects on nitrogen. The temperature and moisture conditions of the soil were changed, which affected the absorption and utilization of nitrate nitrogen in crops, reduced their accumulation in soil profile aggregates, and did not affect the change of film temperature and humidity conditions. The application of long-term chemical nitrogen fertilizer results in the enrichment of nitrate nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil profile aggregates. Therefore, fertilization and organic fertilizer are the main measures to promote the high yield of crops and ensure the sustainable utilization of soil and the sustainable development of agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153
，
本文編號：2252292
[Abstract]:The soil aggregate is the place where the soil undergoes material conversion and energy exchange, and the soil function mainly depends on the good aggregate structure. By changing the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the soil by the action of soil temperature and moisture, the invention solves the problems of great power consumption at the same time of realizing high yield of crops. Fertilization is an important measure to improve soil ground force under the condition of fertilization. However, the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates and their nutrient in soil profiles were not very clear under the conditions of fertilization and fertilization. This study was based on the long-term positioning test base of brown earth in the back mountain of Shenyang Agricultural University in Liaoning Province, and carried out a study on the effects of long-term fertilization and fertilization on nitrogen in different soil layers, with a view to providing scientific basis and practical guidance for the sustainable utilization of soil and the sustainable development of agriculture. The soil aggregates were divided into 2 mm, 1-2 mm, 0. 25-1 mm, 0. 25 mm size fractions by dry sieving method, and different soil layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm) were analyzed. 40-60 cm) The content and reserves of nitrogen in soil aggregates. The main results are as follows: (1) The soil aggregate is 0. 25-1 mm as the dominant size, accounting for 33. 96% -47. 97% of the dry weight of the soil; 0. 25 mm, the proportion of the agglomerate is the lowest, and the proportion is not more than 10%. Compared with bare ground, the ratio of 1-2 mm agglomerate of surface layer (0-20 cm) was significantly increased, but the ratio of 0. 25-1 mm agglomerate was decreased. The application of organic fertilizer increased the content of large aggregates (2mm) compared with non-fertilization and single-application fertilizers. (2) The total nitrogen of soil in the same soil layer is mainly distributed in 0. 25-1 mm size-size aggregates (reserves average is 1. 02thm-2); secondly, it is 1-2 mm and 2 mm size-size aggregates, and their proportion is 29. 43% and 21. 02% respectively; 0. 25 mm size fraction aggregates are the lowest, and the proportion is less than 3.69%. The application of the surface layer (0-20 cm) of soil organic fertilizer increased the total nitrogen reserve of the large aggregate, and the nitrogen reserve of the 2 mm size agglomerate was increased by 32.31%, while the size of 0. 25mm decreased by 31. 82%, and the effect of the non-fertilization treatment film and bare ground on the distribution of the nitrogen reserve of the aggregate was the reverse of the application of the organic fertilizer. (3) In the soil mass aggregate (0. 25 mm), the reserves were mainly accumulated in 0-40 cm soil layer. The average soil moisture content was about 20.02% and 20.49%, which was distributed to 2 mm and 1-2 mm size aggregates, and the proportion of cryolite in 0. 25-1 mm aggregates was 25. 89% -33. 59%; 0. 25 mm was only 9.25%. The mineral reserves in the aggregates were not influenced by the soil depth and the depth of soil layer (P0.05). The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the reserves of the aggregates in the aggregates at all levels, while the application of the organic fertilizer reduced the reserves of the aggregates in the aggregates at all levels. (4) The amount of nitrate nitrogen in soil aggregate decreased with the depth of soil layer (except for bare application of nitrogen fertilizer). The N-N reserves of each size-size aggregate are mainly concentrated in 20-40cm soil layer by applying nitrogen fertilizer to bare land. The nitrogen reserve of 40-60cm in the bottom layer is 35. 65% -42. 63% lower than that of 0-20cm soil layer in the surface layer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen reserves in the aggregates at all levels. Compared with the tectorial membrane, the nitrate nitrogen reserve of the surface layer (0-20 cm) was significantly increased (P <0.05). In the 20-60cm soil layer, the N-N reserves of the non-fertilizer-treated aggregates were not affected by the coating film (P0.05). The above results show that large aggregates are the main carriers of soil nitrogen and have strong enrichment and physical protection effects on nitrogen. The temperature and moisture conditions of the soil were changed, which affected the absorption and utilization of nitrate nitrogen in crops, reduced their accumulation in soil profile aggregates, and did not affect the change of film temperature and humidity conditions. The application of long-term chemical nitrogen fertilizer results in the enrichment of nitrate nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil profile aggregates. Therefore, fertilization and organic fertilizer are the main measures to promote the high yield of crops and ensure the sustainable utilization of soil and the sustainable development of agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153
，
本文編號：2252292
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