【摘要】：長白山苔原帶是我國最典型的苔原景觀,具有重要的地理與生態(tài)價值,在全球變暖的背景下,為響應(yīng)氣候變化的敏感區(qū)域。對高山苔原土理化性質(zhì)空間差異性的研究,可以作為深入了解苔原帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)氣候變化的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)近年來苔原帶植被變化及土壤演化現(xiàn)狀,本文提出以下假設(shè):沿海拔、坡度、坡向等環(huán)境變化梯度,土壤理化性質(zhì)應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出明顯的上升或下降趨勢;不同植物建群種下的土壤理化性質(zhì)差異性較大;土壤理化性質(zhì)各指標之間存在相關(guān)性;苔原土理化性質(zhì)空間差異性的主要影響因子是海拔和植物建群種。為此在海拔2046 m-2270 m之間建立一個1650 m×100 m見方的大樣地,以長白山高山苔原土為研究對象,在此大樣地內(nèi)均勻的選定132個1×1m的控制性樣方,進行調(diào)查和取樣,并進行土壤理化性質(zhì)分析,擬通過對數(shù)據(jù)的分析驗證假設(shè),結(jié)果顯示:(1)高山苔原土理化性質(zhì)隨環(huán)境因子變化趨勢。隨著海拔升高有機質(zhì)、TN呈上升趨勢,p H值呈下降趨勢,苔原土的有機質(zhì)、p H、TN對海拔的變化比較敏感;隨著坡度的增大有機質(zhì)、土壤深度和C/N呈不同程度的下降趨勢,苔原土的有機質(zhì)、土壤深度和C/N對坡度的變化比較敏感;隨坡向的變化土壤深度、速效K、TN和有機質(zhì)含量呈不同程度的上升趨勢,苔原土的土壤深度、速效K、TN和有機質(zhì)含量對坡向的變化比較敏感;隨著植物建群種變化C/N、速效N和TN含量呈不同程度的上升趨勢,土壤深度呈下降趨勢,苔原土的土壤深度、C/N、速效N和TN含量對植物建群種的變化比較敏感。(2)高山苔原土理化性質(zhì)相關(guān)性及其環(huán)境影響因子分析。TN與速效N、速效P、速效K、C/N相關(guān)性顯著;TP與K、速效P、速效K、土壤深度相關(guān)性顯著。對有機質(zhì)影響較大的是坡度和植物建群種;對TN影響較大的是植物建群種和海拔;對速效K含量影響較大的是坡向;對土壤深度影響較大的是坡度和坡向�？偟难芯勘砻�,苔原土理化性質(zhì)隨著環(huán)境因子呈現(xiàn)不同程度的變化,而環(huán)境因子對苔原土理化性質(zhì)的影響程度也各不相同。本文的研究結(jié)果可以為土壤的空間分析研究提供科學(xué)依據(jù),對解釋苔原土變化的驅(qū)動機制有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Changbai Mountain Tundra Zone is the most typical tundra landscape in China, which has important geographic and ecological value. Under the background of global warming, it is a sensitive area to respond to climate change. In this paper, the following hypotheses are put forward: the soil physical and chemical properties should show an obvious upward or downward trend in the gradient of environmental changes such as coastal elevation, slope, and slope direction; the soil physical and chemical properties under different plant groups are quite different; the soil physical and chemical properties are correlated with each other; the soil physical and chemical properties of tundra soil are correlated. The main factors affecting the spatial variability of soil properties are altitude and plant population. Therefore, a large sample plot of 1 650 m The results show that: (1) the physical and chemical properties of alpine tundra soil change with environmental factors. TN increases with elevation, and P H value decreases. The organic matter, P H and TN of tundra soil are more sensitive to elevation, and the soil depth and C/TN are more sensitive to the increase of slope. Soil organic matter, soil depth and C/N were sensitive to slope gradient, soil depth, available K, TN and organic matter content increased with slope gradient, while soil depth, available K, TN and organic matter content were sensitive to slope gradient. The soil depth, C/N, available N and TN contents in tundra soil were sensitive to the changes of plant population. (2) Correlation between physical and chemical properties of alpine tundra soil and its environmental impact factors. Soil depth was significantly correlated with available P and K. Slope and plant species had a greater impact on organic matter, plant species and altitude had a greater impact on TN, slope aspect had a greater impact on available K content, and slope degree and slope aspect had a greater impact on soil depth. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for soil spatial analysis and explain the driving mechanism of the change of tundra soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q948;S153

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