【摘要】：畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢水的排放造成了江河、湖泊等地表水體的嚴重富營養(yǎng)化。人工濕地作為一項成本低、易操作、處理效果良好的生物處理技術(shù),被廣泛用于廢水處理中。本研究通過綠狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)表面流人工濕地對養(yǎng)殖廢水的處理效果,對比分析不同污染負荷下的綠狐尾藻人工濕地對磷的去除效率,研究濕地除磷效率隨時間的變化規(guī)律,分析濕地植物收割對除磷的影響,探明綠狐尾藻在人工濕地除磷過程中所起的重要作用;通過分析濕地底泥中磷的形態(tài)分布特征,討論底泥特征與無機形態(tài)磷的影響關(guān)系,以期揭示底泥中磷的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機理,為有效提高表面流人工濕地的除磷能力、發(fā)展高效處理養(yǎng)殖廢水的生態(tài)治污技術(shù)提供科學支撐。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)低、中、高負荷處理總磷(TP)去除率分別為89.4±14.6%,80.9±19.9%,70.1±23.3%,平均磷去除率為70.1%~89.4%;一級去除率常數(shù)分別為22.3±10.4,17.7±11.8,12.1±10.2 m/yr;濕地運行初期TP去除率接近100%,隨后逐漸降低;春、秋季TP去除速率高于夏、冬季;除高負荷一級濕地外,年收割綠狐尾藻植物磷為15.1~40.9 g/m2·yr,收割綠狐尾藻所除磷質(zhì)量占濕地總除磷質(zhì)量的22.5%~59.6%,所有處理三級濕地中植物除磷占磷總?cè)コ?0.7%~100%,表明綠狐尾藻人工濕地能夠高效去除養(yǎng)殖廢水中的磷,綠狐尾藻在除磷過程中起重要作用,其除磷效率隨季節(jié)而變化。(2)相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示低負荷處理進水和出水TP濃度顯著正相關(guān)(p=0.005),而中負荷(p=0.081)和高負荷(p=0.101)處理進、出水TP濃度不相關(guān),表明不同負荷處理除磷機理不同。底泥中TP濃度隨著時間逐漸增加而與進水負荷無關(guān),顯示出底泥對磷的吸附以及磷沉降是綠狐尾藻人工濕地的主要除磷機制。一級濕地廢水中TP主要通過底泥吸附和在底泥中沉降而被去除,三級濕地TP主要通過植物吸收利用被去除。(3)綠狐尾藻人工濕地表層底泥TP含量變化范圍為167~865 mg/kg,其中有機磷占TP的66.0%~79.3%。各無機形態(tài)磷的含量高低順序為:O-PFe-PCa-PAl-P可溶性磷。各形態(tài)無機磷隨著底泥深度的增加變化不同,從表層到底層底泥,Al-P、Fe-P和Ca-P含量總體呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢,O-P含量在低負荷的濕地中逐漸降低;而在中、高負荷的濕地中逐漸增加。相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示Al-P、Fe-P、O-P的含量與底泥pH和溶解性有機碳呈顯著正相關(guān)(p0.01),表明這三種形態(tài)磷在綠狐尾藻人工濕地易受底泥pH和溶解性有機碳含量的影響。
[Abstract]:The discharge of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater has caused serious eutrophication of rivers, lakes and other surface waters. As a low-cost, easy-to-operate and effective biological treatment technology, constructed wetlands have been widely used in wastewater treatment. The removal efficiency of phosphorus in constructed wetlands with different pollution loads was compared and analyzed. The variation of phosphorus removal efficiency with time was studied. The effect of plant harvesting on phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands was analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) Total phosphorus (TP) removal rates of low, medium and high load treatment are 89, respectively. The average phosphorus removal rate was 70.1%~89.4%; the first-order removal rate constants were 22.3 [10.4], 17.7 [11.8], 12.1 [10.2 m/yr] respectively; the removal rate of TP was close to 100% at the beginning of wetland operation, and then gradually decreased; the removal rate of TP in spring and autumn was higher than that in summer and winter; besides the high-load first-order wetland, the annual phosphorus removal rate of green foxtail algae was 15.1%. 1~40.9 g/m2.yr, 22.5%~59.6% of the total phosphorus removal in wetland was achieved by harvesting green foxtail algae, and 60.7%~100% of the total phosphorus removal was achieved by plants in all three-stage wetland treatments. The results showed that green foxtail algae could efficiently remove phosphorus from aquaculture wastewater, and green foxtail algae played an important role in the phosphorus removal process. (2) Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation (p = 0.005) between TP concentration in low-load treatment and effluent, but no correlation between TP concentration in middle-load (p = 0.081) and high-load (p = 0.101) treatment, indicating that the mechanism of phosphorus removal was different under different load treatment. Phosphorus adsorption by mud and phosphorus deposition are the main phosphorus removal mechanisms in the constructed wetland. TP in the primary wetland wastewater is mainly removed by sediment adsorption and sedimentation in the sediment. TP in the tertiary wetland is mainly removed by plant absorption and utilization. (3) TP content in the surface sediment of the constructed wetland varies from 167 mg/kg to 865 mg/kg. Organic phosphorus accounted for 66.0% ~ 79.3% of TP. The contents of inorganic forms of phosphorus were in the following order: O-PFe-PCa-PAl-P soluble phosphorus. The results of correlation analysis showed that the contents of Al-P, Fe-P and O-P were positively correlated with the pH and dissolved organic carbon (p0.01), indicating that the three forms of phosphorus were susceptible to the effects of pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the sediment of green foxtail algae constructed wetland.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X713

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