玉米全膜雙壟溝膜下直插式施肥機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 16:31
【摘要】：甘肅省處于干旱半干旱地區(qū),這里降水少且不穩(wěn)定,是中國干旱發(fā)生頻率較高的地區(qū)。直到2003年甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)工作者經(jīng)過十余年的大量研究,提出了一項(xiàng)重大旱作農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù),該技術(shù)是在地表起大小雙壟相間形成集雨溝槽,然后用地膜覆蓋大小壟和相間的壟溝,在溝內(nèi)播種作物的種植栽培技術(shù)。當(dāng)前,能適應(yīng)全膜覆蓋雙壟溝播施肥技術(shù)的施肥機(jī)械主要為手提式玉米追肥槍。由于手提式玉米追肥槍作業(yè)時(shí)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,生產(chǎn)效率低,不能滿足全膜覆蓋雙壟溝播技術(shù)的發(fā)展要求。因此,研制一種與全膜覆蓋雙壟溝播技術(shù)相配套的施肥機(jī)具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。(1)通過對(duì)全膜雙壟溝播玉米施肥技術(shù)農(nóng)藝要求的掌握,分析現(xiàn)有直插式施肥機(jī)的工作原理以及現(xiàn)有直插式施肥機(jī)的不足之處,對(duì)現(xiàn)有的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行改進(jìn),設(shè)計(jì)一種新的機(jī)構(gòu)滿足農(nóng)藝要求,彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有直插式施肥機(jī)的不足之處。(2)現(xiàn)有機(jī)具是通過凸輪—曲柄連桿補(bǔ)償機(jī)構(gòu)控制成穴器的直插運(yùn)動(dòng),凸輪—曲柄連桿式成穴器使用凸輪來實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)具前進(jìn)方向上位移的補(bǔ)償,并通過曲柄連桿的運(yùn)動(dòng),驅(qū)動(dòng)成穴器完成垂直入土和出土的動(dòng)作。為了避免現(xiàn)有直插式施肥機(jī)中凸輪的缺陷:凸輪加工成本較高;由于凸輪輪廓有內(nèi)凹段,機(jī)具工作時(shí),推桿與凸輪內(nèi)凹段產(chǎn)生瞬間沖擊,將推桿折彎或者卡死,不能平滑過渡,導(dǎo)致補(bǔ)償落后,不能與曲柄-連桿機(jī)構(gòu)同步作業(yè),成穴器不能完成垂直入土和出土的動(dòng)作;不能適應(yīng)不同株距。設(shè)計(jì)一種新機(jī)構(gòu)用來替代凸輪。凸輪在機(jī)具運(yùn)行中所起的關(guān)鍵作用是為滑塊提供循環(huán)的等速度,以補(bǔ)償機(jī)具的前進(jìn)速度,因此,設(shè)計(jì)了一種近等速機(jī)構(gòu),用來替代凸輪機(jī)構(gòu),并分析了近等速機(jī)構(gòu)替代凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的可行性。(3)將正弦機(jī)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)通過大鏈輪與小鏈輪串聯(lián)起來,大鏈輪與小鏈輪分別安裝在機(jī)架上,齒數(shù)比為2,這樣轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)中導(dǎo)桿的角速度在兩個(gè)周期內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的三次最小值可以將正弦機(jī)構(gòu)中平移桿速度在一個(gè)周期內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的三次峰值逐漸拉平。讓轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)中導(dǎo)桿的角速度在兩個(gè)周期內(nèi)的三次最小值對(duì)應(yīng)正弦機(jī)構(gòu)中平移桿速度在一個(gè)周期內(nèi)的三次峰值,合理確定相應(yīng)的安裝位置,平移桿的速度將出現(xiàn)兩段近等速運(yùn)動(dòng)。對(duì)近等速機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了理論分析,確定了影響速度的因素有轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)中主動(dòng)桿的長(zhǎng)度,主動(dòng)桿與導(dǎo)桿旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的距離,正弦機(jī)構(gòu)中曲柄的長(zhǎng)度和主動(dòng)桿的角速度。在計(jì)算機(jī)中反復(fù)試驗(yàn),初步得到各因素的取值,為后續(xù)的優(yōu)化奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(4)利用Adams/View對(duì)近等速機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得到了最優(yōu)解。在SolidWorks中建立了整機(jī)三維模型。將整機(jī)三維模型簡(jiǎn)化,利用SolidWorks Motion進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真,得到了成穴器的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。根據(jù)甘肅省不同區(qū)域?qū)κ┓书g距的要求,提出了調(diào)節(jié)間距的方案,解決了施肥間距可調(diào)的問題。
[Abstract]:Gansu Province is located in arid and semi-arid region, where precipitation is less and unstable, which is a high frequency of drought in China. Until 2003, after more than a decade of research by agricultural technicians in Gansu Province, a new technique for dryland farming was put forward. The technique was to form rainwater catchment grooves between two ridges on the surface of the earth's surface, and then cover the big and small ridges and furrows with mulching film. Cultivation techniques for planting crops in ditches. At present, the main fertilizing machinery for full film mulching and double ridge sowing and fertilization is handheld corn dressing gun. Because of the high labor intensity and low production efficiency of the portable corn dressing gun, it can not meet the development requirements of the full film covering double ridge seeding technology. Therefore, it is of certain practical significance to develop a fertilizing machine which is compatible with the technology of full film mulching and double ridge sowing. (1) by mastering the agronomic requirements of full film double ridge sowing maize fertilization technology, Based on the analysis of the working principle of the existing direct-inserted fertilization machine and the shortcomings of the existing direct-inserted fertilizer applicator, the existing design is improved to design a new mechanism to meet the agronomic requirements. To make up for the deficiency of the existing straight-insert fertilizer applicator. (2) the current machine is controlled by the cam-crank linkage compensation mechanism, and the cam-crank connecting rod hole-forming device uses the cam to compensate the displacement in the forward direction of the machine. Through the movement of crank and connecting rod, drive the hole-forming device to complete the action of vertical digging and unearthing. In order to avoid the defects of the cam in the existing straight-insert fertilization machine: the cost of machining the cam is high; because of the concave section of the cam contour, the push rod and the inner concave section of the cam have a momentary impact when the machine tool works, and the push rod is bent or stuck, so that the transition cannot be smooth. As a result, the compensation is backward and can not work synchronously with the crank linkage mechanism, and the hole-forming device can not complete the action of vertical burying and unearthing, and can not adapt to different plant spacing. A new mechanism is designed to replace the cam. The key role of cam in the operation of machine and tool is to provide equal speed of circulation for the slider in order to compensate for the advancing speed of the machine. Therefore, a kind of near isokinetic mechanism is designed to replace the cam mechanism. The feasibility of replacing cam mechanism with near-isokinetic mechanism is analyzed. (3) the sinusoidal mechanism and rotating guide rod mechanism are connected in series with small sprocket and large sprocket and small sprocket are installed on the frame respectively. The ratio of teeth to teeth is 2, so that the cubic minimum of the angular velocity of the guide rod in the rotating guide rod mechanism in two periods can gradually flatten the third peak value of the translational rod velocity in a period of the sinusoidal mechanism. Let the minimum angular velocity of the guide rod in the rotating guide rod mechanism in two periods correspond to the third peak value of the speed of the translational rod in the sinusoidal mechanism in one period, and reasonably determine the corresponding installation position. The speed of the translational rod will be two segments near isokinetic motion. The theoretical analysis of the near-isokinetic mechanism is carried out. The factors influencing the velocity are the length of the active rod in the rotating guide rod mechanism, the distance between the active rod and the rotating center of the guide rod, the length of the crank in the sinusoidal mechanism and the angular velocity of the active rod. After repeated experiments in the computer, the values of various factors are preliminarily obtained, which lays a foundation for the subsequent optimization. (4) the design parameters of the near-isokinetic mechanism are optimized by using Adams/View, and the optimal solution is obtained. The three-dimensional model of the whole machine is established in SolidWorks. The three-dimensional model of the whole machine is simplified, and the motion trajectory of the hole-forming device is obtained by using SolidWorks Motion to simulate the motion, which meets the design requirements. According to the requirement of fertilizer spacing in different areas of Gansu province, the scheme of adjusting the spacing of fertilizer was put forward, and the problem of adjusting the spacing of fertilizer was solved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S224.2
本文編號(hào)：2239582
[Abstract]:Gansu Province is located in arid and semi-arid region, where precipitation is less and unstable, which is a high frequency of drought in China. Until 2003, after more than a decade of research by agricultural technicians in Gansu Province, a new technique for dryland farming was put forward. The technique was to form rainwater catchment grooves between two ridges on the surface of the earth's surface, and then cover the big and small ridges and furrows with mulching film. Cultivation techniques for planting crops in ditches. At present, the main fertilizing machinery for full film mulching and double ridge sowing and fertilization is handheld corn dressing gun. Because of the high labor intensity and low production efficiency of the portable corn dressing gun, it can not meet the development requirements of the full film covering double ridge seeding technology. Therefore, it is of certain practical significance to develop a fertilizing machine which is compatible with the technology of full film mulching and double ridge sowing. (1) by mastering the agronomic requirements of full film double ridge sowing maize fertilization technology, Based on the analysis of the working principle of the existing direct-inserted fertilization machine and the shortcomings of the existing direct-inserted fertilizer applicator, the existing design is improved to design a new mechanism to meet the agronomic requirements. To make up for the deficiency of the existing straight-insert fertilizer applicator. (2) the current machine is controlled by the cam-crank linkage compensation mechanism, and the cam-crank connecting rod hole-forming device uses the cam to compensate the displacement in the forward direction of the machine. Through the movement of crank and connecting rod, drive the hole-forming device to complete the action of vertical digging and unearthing. In order to avoid the defects of the cam in the existing straight-insert fertilization machine: the cost of machining the cam is high; because of the concave section of the cam contour, the push rod and the inner concave section of the cam have a momentary impact when the machine tool works, and the push rod is bent or stuck, so that the transition cannot be smooth. As a result, the compensation is backward and can not work synchronously with the crank linkage mechanism, and the hole-forming device can not complete the action of vertical burying and unearthing, and can not adapt to different plant spacing. A new mechanism is designed to replace the cam. The key role of cam in the operation of machine and tool is to provide equal speed of circulation for the slider in order to compensate for the advancing speed of the machine. Therefore, a kind of near isokinetic mechanism is designed to replace the cam mechanism. The feasibility of replacing cam mechanism with near-isokinetic mechanism is analyzed. (3) the sinusoidal mechanism and rotating guide rod mechanism are connected in series with small sprocket and large sprocket and small sprocket are installed on the frame respectively. The ratio of teeth to teeth is 2, so that the cubic minimum of the angular velocity of the guide rod in the rotating guide rod mechanism in two periods can gradually flatten the third peak value of the translational rod velocity in a period of the sinusoidal mechanism. Let the minimum angular velocity of the guide rod in the rotating guide rod mechanism in two periods correspond to the third peak value of the speed of the translational rod in the sinusoidal mechanism in one period, and reasonably determine the corresponding installation position. The speed of the translational rod will be two segments near isokinetic motion. The theoretical analysis of the near-isokinetic mechanism is carried out. The factors influencing the velocity are the length of the active rod in the rotating guide rod mechanism, the distance between the active rod and the rotating center of the guide rod, the length of the crank in the sinusoidal mechanism and the angular velocity of the active rod. After repeated experiments in the computer, the values of various factors are preliminarily obtained, which lays a foundation for the subsequent optimization. (4) the design parameters of the near-isokinetic mechanism are optimized by using Adams/View, and the optimal solution is obtained. The three-dimensional model of the whole machine is established in SolidWorks. The three-dimensional model of the whole machine is simplified, and the motion trajectory of the hole-forming device is obtained by using SolidWorks Motion to simulate the motion, which meets the design requirements. According to the requirement of fertilizer spacing in different areas of Gansu province, the scheme of adjusting the spacing of fertilizer was put forward, and the problem of adjusting the spacing of fertilizer was solved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S224.2
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 徐玉鵬;趙忠祥;張夫道;劉俊斌;;緩/控釋肥料的研究進(jìn)展[J];華北農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào);2007年S2期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 張勛;玉米穴播穴施肥裝置的設(shè)計(jì)研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號(hào)：2239582
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