磷肥運(yùn)籌對(duì)滴灌稻田土壤磷素轉(zhuǎn)化、分布及磷肥利用率的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 12:07
【摘要】：【目的】為了更加合理利用有限的磷礦資源,摸清滴灌施肥條件下水稻磷肥利用率,開(kāi)展磷肥運(yùn)籌對(duì)滴灌稻田土壤磷素轉(zhuǎn)化、分布及磷肥利用率的影響研究,本項(xiàng)目旨在探討磷肥不同基追比例滴灌稻田土壤磷素運(yùn)移規(guī)律,闡明滴灌施肥條件下磷肥運(yùn)籌對(duì)土壤磷素轉(zhuǎn)化、分布及水稻磷肥利用率的影響,為合理施肥,提高磷肥利用率提供理論依據(jù)�！痉椒ā吭囼�(yàn)按磷肥基追比設(shè)5個(gè)處理:CK(無(wú)磷肥)、T1全基、T2 30%基+70%滴、T3 70%基+30%滴、T 4全滴,每處理施肥總量設(shè)同等水平,氮肥(純氮)270kg/hm2、磷肥(P2O5)90kg/hm2、鉀肥(K2O)60kg/hm2,鉀肥全部基施,氮肥及剩余磷肥在生育期內(nèi)按比例分8次隨水滴(追)施,供試水稻品種為T(mén)-04。通過(guò)調(diào)查各生育時(shí)期干物質(zhì)累積動(dòng)態(tài)、收獲期產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因子及實(shí)收產(chǎn)量,研究磷肥運(yùn)籌對(duì)水稻磷素營(yíng)養(yǎng)及磷肥利用率的影響;通過(guò)采集不同施肥階段、不同樣點(diǎn)土壤樣品研究磷肥運(yùn)籌對(duì)土壤無(wú)機(jī)磷轉(zhuǎn)化、分布的影響�！窘Y(jié)果】1、磷肥全部基施可以顯著增加滴頭下方0~5cm Resin-P、Na HCO3-P含量;磷肥全部基施處理和基施30%處理隨著土層的加深,滴頭下方Na OH-P含量表現(xiàn)為驟降;基施比例小及無(wú)基施處理HCl-P含量在各土層大于其他處理,殘?jiān)?P則表現(xiàn)為不施磷肥處理各土層含量接近且比較穩(wěn)定。2、CK處理Na OH-P、HCl-P、殘?jiān)?P含量較高,Resin-P、Na HCO3-P含量較低;T1處理Resin-P、Na HCO3-P含量較高,Na OH-P、HCl-P含量較低,T2處理殘?jiān)?P含量較高,Resin-P、Na HCO3-P、Na OH-P含量較低;T3、T4處理除T4處理HCl-P較高外,其他各組分含量均與T3處理介于CK、T1處理之間。3、施用磷肥的處理干物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量大于不施磷肥的處理;30%基施,70%追施的施磷模式干物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大,類似趨勢(shì)還表現(xiàn)在有效穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、實(shí)粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率及千粒重上。4、30%基施,70%追施的施磷模式磷肥利用率、偏生產(chǎn)力、農(nóng)學(xué)利用效率分別達(dá)到28.5%、89.5kg/kg、8.0743kg/kg,均大于其他處理。5、籽粒含磷量與經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量極顯著正相關(guān),與肥料利用率、生物產(chǎn)量顯著正相關(guān);莖稈含磷量與經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量、生物產(chǎn)量顯著正相關(guān);植株含磷量與肥料利用率、經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量、生物產(chǎn)量極顯著正相關(guān)相關(guān)系數(shù),與偏生產(chǎn)力顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與農(nóng)學(xué)利用率顯著正相關(guān)。6、0~40土層Resin-P含量與籽粒含磷量、莖稈含磷量、植株吸磷量顯著正相關(guān);Na HCO3-P與0~40cm籽粒含磷量正相關(guān),但相關(guān)性不顯著,與莖稈含磷量、植株吸磷量顯著正相關(guān);Na OH-P與0~20cm籽粒含磷量、莖稈含磷量、植株吸磷量和20~40cm土壤含磷量極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)�！窘Y(jié)論】1、表明適宜的磷肥基追比模式,是獲得最大產(chǎn)量及合理產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因子的一種途徑。2、產(chǎn)量和磷肥利用效率的提高與磷素的吸收有密切的關(guān)系,高頻灌溉條件下根據(jù)水稻需磷特性合理運(yùn)籌,可實(shí)現(xiàn)磷素養(yǎng)分資源高效利用和產(chǎn)量的協(xié)同提高。3、因地制宜的采取相應(yīng)的農(nóng)藝措施、施肥制度及灌溉制度增加土壤中的Resin-P和Na HCO3-P含量,降低磷形態(tài)向Na OH-P轉(zhuǎn)化,可增加植株對(duì)磷素的吸收利用,提高植株磷肥利用效率。
[Abstract]:[Objective] In order to utilize the limited phosphate rock resources more rationally, to find out the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in Rice under drip irrigation, and to study the effect of phosphorus fertilizer operation on phosphorus transformation, distribution and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in paddy soil under drip irrigation, this project aims to explore the phosphorus transport law in paddy soil under drip irrigation with different base-dressing ratios, and to clarify the application of phosphorus fertilizer under drip irrigation. The effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on soil phosphorus transformation, distribution and utilization rate of rice phosphorus fertilizer were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization and increase utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer. (pure nitrogen) 270Kg / hm2, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 90kg / hm2, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 60kg / hm2, potassium fertilizer all base application, nitrogen fertilizer and residual phosphorus fertilizer in the growth period in proportion to eight times with water dropping (topdressing), the test rice varieties for T-04. By investigating the dynamics of dry matter accumulation in each growth period, yield components and yield in harvest period, study the application of phosphorus fertilizer on rice phosphorus. The effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on the transformation and distribution of inorganic phosphorus were studied by collecting soil samples at different fertilization stages. The content of Na OH-P decreased sharply under the emitter, the content of HCl-P in different soil layers was higher in base application and non-base application than in other treatments, and the content of residue-P in different soil layers was close and stable in non-phosphorus treatment. 2. The content of Na OH-P, HCl-P, residue-P, Resin-P and NaHCO_3-P in CK treatment were higher, while the content of Resin-P, NaHCO_3-P and NaHCO_3-P were lower in T1 treatment. The contents of Na OH-P and HCl-P were higher in T3 and T4 treatments than those in T3 and T1 treatments, but the contents of Resin-P, Na HCO3-P and Na OH-P were higher in T2 treatment and lower in Resin-P, Na HCO3-P and Na OH-P treatments. Similar trends were found in the effective panicles, grains per panicle, full grains, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.4,30% basal application, 70% topdressing phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, partial productivity, agronomic use efficiency were 28.5%, 89.5 kg/kg, 8.0743 kg/kg, higher than other treatments.5, grain phosphorus content and economic yield. There was a significant positive correlation with fertilizer utilization rate and biomass yield, a significant positive correlation between stem phosphorus content and economic yield, and a significant positive correlation between plant phosphorus content and fertilizer utilization rate, economic yield and biomass yield, and a significant negative correlation with partial productivity, and a significant positive correlation with agricultural utilization rate. The content of NaHCO 3-P was positively correlated with grain phosphorus content, stem phosphorus content and plant phosphorus uptake; NaHCO 3-P was positively correlated with 0-40 cm grain phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with stem phosphorus content and plant phosphorus uptake; Na OH-P was negatively correlated with 0-20 cm grain phosphorus content, stem phosphorus content, plant phosphorus uptake and 20-40 cm soil phosphorus content. CONCLUSION: 1. It is suggested that the suitable P fertilizer base-dressing pattern is a way to obtain the maximum yield and reasonable yield components. 2. The increase of yield and P utilization efficiency is closely related to the absorption of phosphorus. With the same increase. 3. Adopting corresponding agronomic measures according to local conditions, fertilization system and irrigation system can increase the content of Resin-P and Na HCO3-P in soil, reduce the transformation of phosphorus form to Na OH-P, increase the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by plants, and improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer by plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S511
本文編號(hào)：2238958
[Abstract]:[Objective] In order to utilize the limited phosphate rock resources more rationally, to find out the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in Rice under drip irrigation, and to study the effect of phosphorus fertilizer operation on phosphorus transformation, distribution and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in paddy soil under drip irrigation, this project aims to explore the phosphorus transport law in paddy soil under drip irrigation with different base-dressing ratios, and to clarify the application of phosphorus fertilizer under drip irrigation. The effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on soil phosphorus transformation, distribution and utilization rate of rice phosphorus fertilizer were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization and increase utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer. (pure nitrogen) 270Kg / hm2, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) 90kg / hm2, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 60kg / hm2, potassium fertilizer all base application, nitrogen fertilizer and residual phosphorus fertilizer in the growth period in proportion to eight times with water dropping (topdressing), the test rice varieties for T-04. By investigating the dynamics of dry matter accumulation in each growth period, yield components and yield in harvest period, study the application of phosphorus fertilizer on rice phosphorus. The effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on the transformation and distribution of inorganic phosphorus were studied by collecting soil samples at different fertilization stages. The content of Na OH-P decreased sharply under the emitter, the content of HCl-P in different soil layers was higher in base application and non-base application than in other treatments, and the content of residue-P in different soil layers was close and stable in non-phosphorus treatment. 2. The content of Na OH-P, HCl-P, residue-P, Resin-P and NaHCO_3-P in CK treatment were higher, while the content of Resin-P, NaHCO_3-P and NaHCO_3-P were lower in T1 treatment. The contents of Na OH-P and HCl-P were higher in T3 and T4 treatments than those in T3 and T1 treatments, but the contents of Resin-P, Na HCO3-P and Na OH-P were higher in T2 treatment and lower in Resin-P, Na HCO3-P and Na OH-P treatments. Similar trends were found in the effective panicles, grains per panicle, full grains, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.4,30% basal application, 70% topdressing phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, partial productivity, agronomic use efficiency were 28.5%, 89.5 kg/kg, 8.0743 kg/kg, higher than other treatments.5, grain phosphorus content and economic yield. There was a significant positive correlation with fertilizer utilization rate and biomass yield, a significant positive correlation between stem phosphorus content and economic yield, and a significant positive correlation between plant phosphorus content and fertilizer utilization rate, economic yield and biomass yield, and a significant negative correlation with partial productivity, and a significant positive correlation with agricultural utilization rate. The content of NaHCO 3-P was positively correlated with grain phosphorus content, stem phosphorus content and plant phosphorus uptake; NaHCO 3-P was positively correlated with 0-40 cm grain phosphorus content, but not significantly correlated with stem phosphorus content and plant phosphorus uptake; Na OH-P was negatively correlated with 0-20 cm grain phosphorus content, stem phosphorus content, plant phosphorus uptake and 20-40 cm soil phosphorus content. CONCLUSION: 1. It is suggested that the suitable P fertilizer base-dressing pattern is a way to obtain the maximum yield and reasonable yield components. 2. The increase of yield and P utilization efficiency is closely related to the absorption of phosphorus. With the same increase. 3. Adopting corresponding agronomic measures according to local conditions, fertilization system and irrigation system can increase the content of Resin-P and Na HCO3-P in soil, reduce the transformation of phosphorus form to Na OH-P, increase the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by plants, and improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer by plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S511
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 姚宇卿,楊波,呂軍杰,王育紅;化肥應(yīng)用研究的回顧與展望[J];南京農(nóng)專學(xué)報(bào);2001年03期
，本文編號(hào)：2238958
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