發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-03 20:49

【摘要】：養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,所產(chǎn)生的畜禽糞便不能得到及時(shí)、有效解決,長(zhǎng)期堆放可能滋生大量蠅蟲(chóng),對(duì)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)安全以及周邊人員健康帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重威脅。好氧堆肥是一種安全有效的畜禽糞便處理方式,可減少環(huán)境污染,實(shí)現(xiàn)廢物循環(huán)利用。本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種密閉式堆肥反應(yīng)設(shè)備,用來(lái)處理養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)固體廢棄物,具有一定的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。通過(guò)對(duì)密閉式堆肥工藝研究與分析,針對(duì)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)固體廢棄物的特性,提出密閉堆肥反應(yīng)設(shè)備的基本要求,確定了C50堆肥反應(yīng)器基本結(jié)構(gòu)。C50由自動(dòng)上料裝置、出料裝置、攪拌機(jī)構(gòu)、曝氣系統(tǒng)和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等組成。通過(guò)理論分析,對(duì)堆肥發(fā)酵耗氧量計(jì)算與分析,確定C50堆肥反應(yīng)器所需通風(fēng)量應(yīng)大于358 m3/h。對(duì)攪拌機(jī)構(gòu)建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,得到主軸傳遞扭矩為537350 N-m,對(duì)此設(shè)計(jì)了大扭矩、低轉(zhuǎn)速的棘輪棘爪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),并對(duì)棘輪進(jìn)行三維建模和有限元分析,以棘輪加工成本和棘輪所受最大剪切應(yīng)力等為指標(biāo),得到棘輪的基本參數(shù)為：棘輪頂圓直徑1140mm、厚度120mmm和齒根圓角50mm,其重量為689kg,所受最大剪切應(yīng)力為139.8MPa。對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行試制,然后對(duì)規(guī)�；B(yǎng)雞場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生的雞糞進(jìn)行堆肥試驗(yàn),經(jīng)過(guò)7天發(fā)酵周期,堆肥成品呈現(xiàn)黃褐色,含水率為28.83%,種子發(fā)芽率為78.3%,種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)為57.08%,堆肥可認(rèn)為已經(jīng)腐熟,對(duì)種子無(wú)毒性。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of breeding industry, the feces produced by livestock and poultry can not be solved in a timely and effective manner, and a large number of flies may be stored in the stock for a long time, which poses a serious threat to the safety of the breeding industry and the health of the people around it. Aerobic composting is a safe and effective way to treat livestock and poultry feces, which can reduce environmental pollution and realize waste recycling. In this paper, a closed composting reaction equipment was designed to treat solid waste from livestock farms, which has certain theoretical significance and practical value. Based on the research and analysis of closed composting process, the basic requirements of closed composting reaction equipment were put forward in view of the characteristics of solid waste in aquaculture farm. The basic structure of C50 composting reactor was determined by automatic feeding device and discharging device. Mixing mechanism, aeration system and transmission system. Through theoretical analysis, the oxygen consumption of compost fermentation was calculated and analyzed, and it was determined that the ventilation requirement of C50 composting reactor should be greater than 358 m3 / h. The mathematical model of the stirring mechanism is established, and the transmission torque of the spindle is 537350 N-m.The ratchet claw transmission mechanism with large torque and low speed is designed, and the three dimensional modeling and finite element analysis of the ratchet are carried out. The basic parameters of ratchet are as follows: diameter of ratchet top circle 1140mm, thickness 120mmm and tooth root angle 50mm, weight 689kg, maximum shear stress 139.8MPa, etc. The basic parameters of ratchet wheel are as follows: diameter of ratchet wheel is 1140mm, thickness of ratchet wheel is 50mm, tooth root angle is 50mm, weight is 689kg, and the maximum shear stress is 139.8 MPA. The equipment was trial-produced, and then the chicken manure from the large-scale chicken farm was composting. After a 7-day fermentation cycle, the compost product presented a yellowish brown color. The moisture content was 28.83%, the seed germination rate was 78.3%, and the seed germination index was 57.08. The compost could be considered as rotten and non-toxic to the seeds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S224.2

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本文編號(hào)：2221126