【摘要】：隨著人們對(duì)植物病原細(xì)菌研究的不斷深入,細(xì)菌分類一直處于一個(gè)變化的過(guò)程。除了傳統(tǒng)的屬被拆分成若干個(gè)屬以外,新屬也不斷增加,植物病原細(xì)菌屬的數(shù)量已增至近40個(gè)。革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌中,傳統(tǒng)的歐文氏菌屬(Erwinia)又分出了4個(gè)屬:果膠桿菌屬(Pectobacterium)、迪基氏菌屬(Dickeya)、泛菌屬(Pantoea)和布倫納氏屬(Brenneria),導(dǎo)致作物軟腐病的胡蘿卜果膠桿菌(Pectobacterium carotovorum)和黑腐果膠桿菌(P.atrosepticum)最初分別歸在胡蘿卜歐文氏菌胡蘿卜亞種(Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora)和黑腐亞種(subsp.atroseptica);從假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)中分出了雷爾氏菌屬(Ralstonia)、伯克氏菌屬(Burkholderia)和噬酸菌屬(Acidovorax)。新種的命名更是層出不窮,迪基氏菌屬中已陸續(xù)增至8個(gè)種,導(dǎo)致玉米細(xì)菌性莖腐病和水稻細(xì)菌性基腐病的病菌現(xiàn)名為玉米迪基氏菌(Dickeya zeae)。有些亞種或致病變種上升為種,導(dǎo)致西瓜細(xì)菌性果斑病的病原菌由燕麥?zhǔn)伤峋鞴蟻喎N(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli)變?yōu)槲鞴鲜伤峋?Acidovorax citrulli)。很多病原菌的學(xué)名經(jīng)歷了數(shù)次變更,棉花角斑病的病原原名為野油菜黃單胞菌錦葵致病變種(Xanthomonas campestris pv.malvacearum)和柑橘黃單胞菌錦葵致病變種(X.citri pv.malvacearum),現(xiàn)為地毯草黃單胞菌錦葵致病變種(X.axonopodis pv.malvacearum)。革蘭氏陽(yáng)性細(xì)菌家族的成員也在不斷壯大。國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者在學(xué)名使用上存在落伍和不規(guī)范現(xiàn)象。論文對(duì)近年來(lái)植物病原細(xì)菌分類體系的變化進(jìn)行了梳理,并呈現(xiàn)了新老拉丁文學(xué)名的變化過(guò)程。關(guān)注植物病原細(xì)菌分類學(xué)的變化,有助于我們的研究工作與國(guó)際接軌。
[Abstract]:With the further study of plant pathogenic bacteria, bacterial classification has been in a process of change. Apart from the division of traditional genera into several genera, the number of new genera has increased, and the number of pathogenic bacteria has increased to nearly 40. Gram-negative bacteria, The traditional (Erwinia) genus of Irvine is divided into four genera: Pectinobacterium, (Pectobacterium), (Dickeya), pan-bacteria, (Pantoea), and (Brenneria), (Brenneria), which cause soft rot in crops, (Pectobacterium carotovorum) Pectinobacter (Pectobacterium carotovorum) and P.atrosepticum, respectively, are originally classified into two groups, which are Pectinobacterium (Pectobacterium carotovorum) and Pectinobacterium nigra (P.atrosepticum), respectively, which cause soft rot in crops. The genus (Ralstonia), (Burkholderia) and the genus (Acidovorax). Were isolated from Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) in (Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora and subsp.atroseptica subspecies of Carrot Irvine's Bacillus Carrot (Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora) and Black Rot subspecies (subsp.atroseptica), and (Burkholderia) and (Acidovorax). Were isolated from Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas). The new species have been named in endlessly, and the number of Digiella has been increased to 8 species, leading to the bacterial stem rot of maize and the bacterial base rot of rice. The current name of the pathogen is (Dickeya zeae). Some subspecies or pathogenic varieties have increased to species, causing the pathogen of bacterial fruit spot disease in watermelon to change from (Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli to (Acidovorax citrulli). The scientific names of many pathogens have been changed several times. The original pathogens of cotton keratoplakia were (Xanthomonas campestris pv.malvacearum and X.citri pv.malvacearum, which are now the pathogenic varieties of Xanthomonas carpestris (X.axonopodis pv.malvacearum) and Xanthomonas campestris (X.axonopodis pv.malvacearum). The pathogen of the disease is Xanthomonas campestris (Xanthomonas campestris) (Xanthomonas campestris pv.malvacearum) and the pathogen variety (X.citri pv.malvacearum) of Xanthomonas citri. Members of the Gram-positive bacteria family are also growing. Domestic scholars in the use of scientific names exist outdated and non-standard phenomenon. In this paper, the change of taxonomic system of plant pathogenic bacteria in recent years has been combed, and the change process of new and old Latin names has been presented. Paying attention to the change of plant pathogenic bacteria taxonomy is helpful for our research work to be in line with international standards.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院植物保護(hù)研究所植物病蟲(chóng)害生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃(2015BAD08B03) 國(guó)家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201303015) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31272008,31371908)
【分類號(hào)】：S432.42

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