施用沼液和生物炭對楊樹林土壤活性有機碳、氮的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 10:49
【摘要】：沼液是人畜糞便、農作物稻稈等各種有機物經厭氧發(fā)酵后的液體殘余物。沼液也是一種優(yōu)質的有機液體肥料,富含動植物生長必需的營養(yǎng)元素,可以改善土壤性質。而生物炭也可以改變土壤的pH、陽離子交換量(CEC)和有機碳等理化性質,同時可以吸附沼液和土壤中的營養(yǎng)物質,起緩釋并減少養(yǎng)分淋失損失的作用。目前,中國人工林面積大,且普遍存在地力衰退問題,因此研究沼液和生物炭在人工林中的應用具有十分重要的意義。本文以蘇北沿海地區(qū)楊樹人工林為研究對象,試驗采用隨機區(qū)組設計,設置了4種沼液施用水平,分別為CK(0 m3·hm-2)、L(125 m3·hm-2)、M(250 m3·hm-2)和H(375 m3·hm-2),以及4種生物炭施用水平,分別為B0(0 t·hm-2)、B1(40 t·hm-2)、B2(80 t·hm-2)和B3(120 t·hm-2),研究了沼液和生物炭不同施用水平下的土壤活性有機碳、氮及其季節(jié)變化,研究結果表明:(1)施用沼液能顯著增加土壤可溶性有機碳(DOC)和氮(DON)含量以及微生物生物量氮(MBN);施用沼液顯著降低了土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)和MBC/MBN;同時,施用沼液會顯著降低土壤pH值,并顯著增加土壤NO3--N的含量。土壤pH和NO3--N呈顯著的負相關,表明沼液對土壤pH的影響可能與大量銨態(tài)氮的輸入有關;施用沼液也能顯著增加土壤NH4+-N和有效磷的含量,并顯著降低土壤C/N,但是沼液對土壤全磷的影響不顯著。施用沼液后土壤活性有機碳、氮與土壤pH、NO3--N、有效磷和C/N的變化密切相關,而土壤pH的變化與土壤NO3--N和NH4+-N的積累和轉化密切相關。(2)施用生物炭可以顯著增加土壤可溶性有機碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和可溶性有機氮(DON)含量,但會顯著降低土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN);生物炭有較高的pH以及它本身含有的灰分元素均可以顯著提高土壤pH;施用生物炭也能增加土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N、有效磷和C/N。沼液和生物炭不同施用水平對土壤活性有機碳、氮、pH、NO3--N和有效磷具有顯著的交互效應。除土壤有效磷外,沼液對土壤活性有機碳、氮和土壤pH、NO3--N的影響更大,而生物炭對土壤有效磷的影響更大。(3)土壤活性有機碳、氮的季節(jié)變化均差異顯著,但具體變化趨勢不同。不同季節(jié)土壤DOC含量表現(xiàn)為:3月份9月份6月份12月份;DON季節(jié)動態(tài)與DOC相反,表現(xiàn)為:12月份6月份9月份3月份;不同季節(jié)土壤MBC表現(xiàn)為:6月份3月份9月份12月份,MBN表現(xiàn)為:6月份3月份、9月份12月份。施用沼液并沒有改變土壤活性有機碳、氮的季節(jié)動態(tài)變化趨勢。但是,經重復測量方差分析,沼液對表層土壤活性有機碳、氮的季節(jié)變化影響顯著;生物炭對土壤MBC和MBN的季節(jié)變化影響顯著,而對土壤DOC和DON的季節(jié)變化影響不顯著;沼液和生物炭對土壤MBC和MBN季節(jié)變化的交互作用顯著,對土壤DOC和DON季節(jié)動態(tài)的交互作用不顯著。表明施用沼液會影響土壤活性有機碳、氮的季節(jié)動態(tài),而施用生物炭會影響土壤MBC和MBN的季節(jié)動態(tài),生物炭對土壤DOC和DON季節(jié)動態(tài)影響不顯著。
[Abstract]:Biogas slurry is a liquid residue from anaerobic fermentation of human and animal manure, crop straw and other organic matter. Biogas slurry is also a high-quality organic liquid fertilizer, rich in nutrients necessary for the growth of plants and animals, and can improve soil properties. Biochar can also change the physical and chemical properties of soil, such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon. It can absorb nutrients from biogas slurry and soil, release nutrients slowly and reduce nutrient leaching loss. At present, China's plantations have a large area, and there is a general decline in soil fertility. Therefore, it is very important to study the application of biogas slurry and biochar in plantations. In this study, four biogas slurry application levels, CK (0 m3.hm-2), L (125 m3.hm-2), M (250 m3.hm-2) and H (375 m3.hm-2), and four biochar application levels, B0 (0 t.hm-2), B1 (40 t.hm-2), B2 (80 t.hm-2) and B3 (120 t.hm-2), were set up in a randomized block design. The results showed that: (1) Biogas slurry significantly increased the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), decreased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MBC/MBN, and decreased soil pH value and increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) significantly. Soil pH and NO3 - N were negatively correlated, indicating that the effect of biogas slurry on soil pH might be related to the input of large amount of ammonium nitrogen; the application of biogas slurry could also significantly increase the contents of NH4 + - N and available phosphorus, and significantly reduce soil C/N, but the effect of biogas slurry on soil total phosphorus was not significant. Organic carbon and nitrogen were closely related to the changes of soil pH, NO3-N, available phosphorus and C/N, while the changes of soil pH were closely related to the accumulation and transformation of NO3-N and NH4 + - N. (2) Biochar application could significantly increase the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON), but significantly reduce soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON). Biological biomass nitrogen (MBN), higher pH value of biochar and its own ash elements can significantly increase soil pH; application of biochar can also increase soil NO3 - N, NH4 + - N, available phosphorus and C/N. Different levels of biogas slurry and biochar have significant interaction effects on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, NO3 - N and available phosphorus. Besides available phosphorus, biogas slurry had greater influence on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, soil pH, NO3--N, while biochar had greater influence on soil available phosphorus. (3) The seasonal variation of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen was significant, but the specific change trend was different. On the contrary, MBC in December, June, September and March, and MBN in different seasons in June, March, September and December showed that MBN in June, March, September and December did not change the seasonal variation trend of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen. However, repeated analysis of variance showed that MBN had a significant effect on surface soil activity. The seasonal variation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was significant; the seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significantly affected by biochar, but the seasonal variation of soil DOC and DON was not significant; the interaction of biochar and biochar on seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significant, but the interaction of soil DOC and DON was not significant. The seasonal dynamics of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen were affected by biochar application, but the seasonal dynamics of soil MBC and MBN were not significantly affected by biochar application.
【學位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.2;S792.11
本文編號：2219767
[Abstract]:Biogas slurry is a liquid residue from anaerobic fermentation of human and animal manure, crop straw and other organic matter. Biogas slurry is also a high-quality organic liquid fertilizer, rich in nutrients necessary for the growth of plants and animals, and can improve soil properties. Biochar can also change the physical and chemical properties of soil, such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon. It can absorb nutrients from biogas slurry and soil, release nutrients slowly and reduce nutrient leaching loss. At present, China's plantations have a large area, and there is a general decline in soil fertility. Therefore, it is very important to study the application of biogas slurry and biochar in plantations. In this study, four biogas slurry application levels, CK (0 m3.hm-2), L (125 m3.hm-2), M (250 m3.hm-2) and H (375 m3.hm-2), and four biochar application levels, B0 (0 t.hm-2), B1 (40 t.hm-2), B2 (80 t.hm-2) and B3 (120 t.hm-2), were set up in a randomized block design. The results showed that: (1) Biogas slurry significantly increased the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), decreased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MBC/MBN, and decreased soil pH value and increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) significantly. Soil pH and NO3 - N were negatively correlated, indicating that the effect of biogas slurry on soil pH might be related to the input of large amount of ammonium nitrogen; the application of biogas slurry could also significantly increase the contents of NH4 + - N and available phosphorus, and significantly reduce soil C/N, but the effect of biogas slurry on soil total phosphorus was not significant. Organic carbon and nitrogen were closely related to the changes of soil pH, NO3-N, available phosphorus and C/N, while the changes of soil pH were closely related to the accumulation and transformation of NO3-N and NH4 + - N. (2) Biochar application could significantly increase the contents of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON), but significantly reduce soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soluble organic nitrogen (DON). Biological biomass nitrogen (MBN), higher pH value of biochar and its own ash elements can significantly increase soil pH; application of biochar can also increase soil NO3 - N, NH4 + - N, available phosphorus and C/N. Different levels of biogas slurry and biochar have significant interaction effects on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, NO3 - N and available phosphorus. Besides available phosphorus, biogas slurry had greater influence on soil active organic carbon, nitrogen, soil pH, NO3--N, while biochar had greater influence on soil available phosphorus. (3) The seasonal variation of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen was significant, but the specific change trend was different. On the contrary, MBC in December, June, September and March, and MBN in different seasons in June, March, September and December showed that MBN in June, March, September and December did not change the seasonal variation trend of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen. However, repeated analysis of variance showed that MBN had a significant effect on surface soil activity. The seasonal variation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was significant; the seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significantly affected by biochar, but the seasonal variation of soil DOC and DON was not significant; the interaction of biochar and biochar on seasonal variation of soil MBC and MBN was significant, but the interaction of soil DOC and DON was not significant. The seasonal dynamics of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen were affected by biochar application, but the seasonal dynamics of soil MBC and MBN were not significantly affected by biochar application.
【學位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.2;S792.11
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