【摘要】：我國近59%的粉煤灰被貯入灰場,每年因此新增占地面積3.0×103 hm2�；以耐杆院屯笟庑詷O強,保水持水能力低,在降雨條件下會發(fā)生流失,影響周邊環(huán)境。這給灰渣場周邊人民群眾的生活和健康造成嚴(yán)重干擾,也成為我國建設(shè)生態(tài)文明社會的制約因素之一。本文開展灰渣場水土流失特征研究,為江西省灰渣植被重建和生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復(fù)提供技術(shù)支撐和理論指導(dǎo),也為我國大面積灰渣場的治理及環(huán)境保護積累相關(guān)經(jīng)驗和基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。本文以江西水土保持生態(tài)科技園電廠灰渣裸露小區(qū)等4個小區(qū)作為研究對象,研究其產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙特征及降雨因子的響應(yīng)。得出以下幾個結(jié)論:(1)2014年1月~2014年12月期間共159次降雨,總降雨量為1635.3mm,總降雨歷時為791.09 h,平均雨強為2.07mm/h,最大I_(30)達(dá)到67.2mm/h,累積降雨侵蝕力為7808.69 MJ·mm·/(hm2·h)。7月、暴雨的降雨次數(shù)和降雨歷時不是最多,但是降雨量最大,對坡面產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙的影響也比較大。產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙也主要集中在7月份和暴雨。(2)4種處理7月份的產(chǎn)流量最大,從不同降雨等級上來看,暴雨的產(chǎn)流量最大。觀測期內(nèi)的泥沙流失量,從月份上來看,7月產(chǎn)生的泥沙流失量最大;從不同降雨等級上來看,暴雨產(chǎn)生的泥沙流失量最大。(3)徑流量隨著降雨量、降雨歷時、I_(30)、降雨侵蝕力的增加而增加,與降雨量的相關(guān)性最高,與降雨歷時的相關(guān)性最差。徑流量與降雨量、I_(30)呈多項式關(guān)系,與降雨侵蝕力呈線性關(guān)系,與降雨歷時現(xiàn)象關(guān)系不明顯。泥沙流失隨著降雨量、降雨歷時、I_(30)、降雨侵蝕力、徑流量的增加而增加,與降雨量的相關(guān)性最高,與降雨歷時的相關(guān)性最差。泥沙流失量與降雨量、I_(30)及徑流呈多項式關(guān)系,與降雨侵蝕力呈線性關(guān)系,與降雨歷時線性關(guān)系不明顯。(4)第四紀(jì)紅壤裸露小區(qū)的徑流量、泥沙流失量、土壤侵蝕量都是最大,而三種灰渣小區(qū)的徑流量、泥沙流失量、土壤侵蝕量的大小順序都為電廠灰渣覆土撒播草灌小區(qū)電廠灰渣裸露小區(qū)電廠灰渣噴播草灌小區(qū)。電廠灰渣噴播草灌小區(qū)的保水保土效益最好。這與土壤、灰渣的物理性質(zhì)、有無植被覆蓋有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Nearly 59% of the fly ash in China is stored in the ash farm, which adds an area of 3. 0 脳 10 ~ 3 hm2. every year. The water permeability and air permeability of the ash are very strong, the water holding capacity is low, and the loss will occur under the condition of rainfall, which will affect the surrounding environment. This has caused serious disturbance to the life and health of the people around the cinder yard, and has also become one of the restrictive factors in the construction of ecological civilization society in our country. In this paper, the characteristics of soil and water loss in ash and slag fields are studied, which provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the restoration of ash vegetation and ecological environment in Jiangxi Province, and also accumulate relevant experience and basic data for the treatment and environmental protection of large areas of ash and slag farms in China. In this paper, the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield and the response of rainfall factors were studied in 4 districts of Jiangxi Ecological Science and Technology Park Power Plant. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) during the period from January 2014 to December 2014, there were 159 rainfall events, the total rainfall was 1635.3 mm, the total rainfall duration was 791.09 h, the average rainfall intensity was 2.07 mm / h, the maximum I _ (30) was 67.2 mm / h, and the cumulative rainfall erosion was 7808.69 MJ mm / (hm2 h). July). The rainfall frequency and duration of rainstorm are not the most, but the rainfall is the largest, and the influence of rainfall on the runoff and sediment yield on the slope is also greater. The yield of abortive sand was also concentrated in July and rainstorm. (2) the yield and discharge of four treatments were the largest in July, and the runoff of rainstorm was the largest in different rainfall levels. During the observation period, the sediment loss in July is the largest, and in different rainfall levels, the sediment loss caused by rainstorm is the largest. (3) runoff with rainfall, The rainfall duration I _ (30) increased with the increase of rainfall erosivity, the correlation with rainfall was the highest, and the correlation with rainfall duration was the worst. There is a polynomial relationship between runoff and rainfall I _ (30), a linear relationship with rainfall erosivity, and no obvious relationship with rainfall duration. Sediment loss increases with the increase of rainfall, rainfall duration (I _ (30), rainfall erosivity and runoff, and has the highest correlation with rainfall and the worst with rainfall duration. The relationship between sediment loss and rainfall I _ (30) and runoff is polynomial, and there is a linear relationship between sediment loss and rainfall erosivity, but not with rainfall duration. (4) the runoff, sediment loss and soil erosion are the largest in Quaternary red soil bare plot. However, the order of runoff, sediment loss and soil erosion of three kinds of ash plot is that the ash of power plant is sprayed and sprayed. The benefit of water and soil conservation is the best. This is related to the physical properties of soil, ash, and vegetation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157

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本文編號：2214578