牛糞和中藥渣堆肥化過程中水溶有機質(zhì)特性及細(xì)菌結(jié)構(gòu)的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 10:17
【摘要】：堆肥是一項環(huán)境友好型技術(shù),被廣泛應(yīng)用于有機固體廢棄物處理。堆肥過程是把易變質(zhì)的有機質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為穩(wěn)定腐殖類物質(zhì)的生化過程。在這一過程中,會產(chǎn)生一定量的水溶有機質(zhì)(DOM)。水溶有機質(zhì)是堆肥總有機質(zhì)中最具活性的一部分,是能夠被微生物直接吸收利用的一類異質(zhì)性物質(zhì),它們在堆肥碳氮轉(zhuǎn)化和營養(yǎng)運輸過程中扮演著重要的角色。堆肥是一個利用微生物活動進行生物降解的過程,微生物活性決定了堆肥進程,而堆肥條件又影響了微生物結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,對堆肥過程的理解,需要把握水溶有機質(zhì)和微生物結(jié)構(gòu)這兩個重點。為此,本論文進行了以下研究。以牛糞和中藥渣為原料的120天堆肥過程中,元素分析、光譜學(xué)分析(包括紫外-可見光譜,紅外吸收光譜和熱裂解-氣相色譜等)和膠體分析等技術(shù)被用于堆肥DOM的研究。結(jié)果表明,DOM樣品中的脂類組分和糖類組分降解迅速,反映了這兩者在有機質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化和微生物活動中扮演著活性成分。相反地,作為堆肥DOM的主要成分,芳香族和含氮化合物在堆肥過程中呈現(xiàn)遞增趨勢。隨著芳香度和腐殖化程度的增加,含氮物質(zhì)和芳香族化合物數(shù)量增多,而其他物質(zhì)諸如烷烴,醇類和脂肪酸類物質(zhì)逐漸減少。此外,隨著堆肥的進程,DOM表現(xiàn)出更穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)并伴隨著小分子質(zhì)量和小分子粒徑物質(zhì)的累積。DOM是堆肥腐熟度和穩(wěn)定性的一項重要指標(biāo)。在堆肥有機質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化及微生物活動中,DOM不同組分所表現(xiàn)出的性質(zhì)和承擔(dān)的功能不同。利用分餾法技術(shù)(fractionation)把DOM分為疏水性的腐殖酸(HA),富里酸(FA)以及親水性物質(zhì)(Hi),分析各組分的元素組成,傅里葉變換紅外吸收光譜特性,并利用zeta電位分析儀分析其膠體性質(zhì)。親水性物質(zhì)Hi組分相比于HA和FA組分擁有含量較高的含氮物質(zhì),更高的飽和程度,以及更容易被氧化的特性。隨著堆肥進程,HA和FA組分的芳香化程度越來越高,而Hi組分保持相對穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。膠體性質(zhì)分析顯示,DOM各組分的平均粒徑隨著堆肥時間的進行持續(xù)減小,Hi組分的zeta電位持續(xù)增加則表明其在陽離子吸附中可能具有潛在的應(yīng)用價值。在堆肥過程中采用IlluminaMiseq測序平臺分析,獲得堆肥樣品中微生物組成,豐度信息及堆肥不同時間點樣品間差異的信息。隨著堆肥的進程,堆肥樣品中微生物的種類增多,多樣性逐漸豐富。擬桿菌,厚壁菌和變形菌是整個堆肥過程中物種相對豐度最高的三個菌門,隨著堆肥的進行,厚壁菌門(Firmicutes)和變形菌門(Proteobacteria)微生物逐漸減少,而擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)和放線菌門(Actinobacteria)微生物逐漸增多,芽單胞菌門(Gemmatimonadetes),綠彎菌門(Chloroflexi)以及異常球菌-棲熱菌門(Deinococcus-Thermus)等物種隨著堆肥進入腐熟階段也逐漸活躍起來。由于堆肥高溫期對微生物造成的顯著影響,導(dǎo)致第Od和第4d的樣品之間,第4d和第30d的樣品之間存在較大差異。通過PCA分析可以看出,腐熟期始末即第30d和第120 d的樣品之間微生物多樣性差異較小。
[Abstract]:Composting is an environmentally friendly technology and is widely used in the treatment of organic solid wastes. Composting process is a biochemical process that converts perishable organic matter into stable humic substances. In this process, a certain amount of water-soluble organic matter (DOM) is produced. A class of heterogeneous substances that can be directly absorbed and utilized by microorganisms play an important role in the process of carbon and nitrogen transformation and nutrient transport in composting. Composting is a process of biodegradation by microbial activities. Microbial activities determine the composting process and composting conditions affect the microbial structure. The following studies have been carried out in this paper. During the 120-day composting process using cow manure and Chinese medicine residue as raw materials, techniques such as elemental analysis, spectroscopic analysis (including UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography) and colloid analysis have been used. The results showed that the lipids and carbohydrates in DOM samples degraded rapidly, reflecting that they played an active role in organic matter transformation and microbial activities. With the increase of chemical degree, the amount of nitrogen and aromatic compounds increased, while other substances such as alkanes, alcohols and fatty acids decreased. In addition, DOM showed a more stable state with the accumulation of small molecular weight and small molecular size substances. Indicators: Different components of DOM exhibit different properties and functions in organic matter transformation and microbial activities of compost. DOM is divided into hydrophobic humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic substance (Hi) by fractionation technique. Elemental composition of each component is analyzed. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy is characteristic. Compared with HA and FA, the hydrophilic substance Hi has higher nitrogen content, higher saturation and easier oxidation. As the composting process, the aromatization degree of HA and FA components is higher and higher, while the Hi component keeps a relatively stable state. Property analysis showed that the average particle size of DOM components decreased continuously with composting time, while the zeta potential of Hi component increased continuously, which indicated that DOM components might have potential application value in cationic adsorption. Bacteroides, sclerenchyma and Proteobacteria are the three most abundant phyla in the composting process. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are the most abundant phylum in the composting process. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Deinococcus-Thermus are also active as compost matures. The significant effects on microorganisms resulted in significant differences between Od and 4D samples, between 4D and 30d samples. The PCA analysis showed that there was little difference in microbial diversity between the 30th and 120d samples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S141.4
[Abstract]:Composting is an environmentally friendly technology and is widely used in the treatment of organic solid wastes. Composting process is a biochemical process that converts perishable organic matter into stable humic substances. In this process, a certain amount of water-soluble organic matter (DOM) is produced. A class of heterogeneous substances that can be directly absorbed and utilized by microorganisms play an important role in the process of carbon and nitrogen transformation and nutrient transport in composting. Composting is a process of biodegradation by microbial activities. Microbial activities determine the composting process and composting conditions affect the microbial structure. The following studies have been carried out in this paper. During the 120-day composting process using cow manure and Chinese medicine residue as raw materials, techniques such as elemental analysis, spectroscopic analysis (including UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography) and colloid analysis have been used. The results showed that the lipids and carbohydrates in DOM samples degraded rapidly, reflecting that they played an active role in organic matter transformation and microbial activities. With the increase of chemical degree, the amount of nitrogen and aromatic compounds increased, while other substances such as alkanes, alcohols and fatty acids decreased. In addition, DOM showed a more stable state with the accumulation of small molecular weight and small molecular size substances. Indicators: Different components of DOM exhibit different properties and functions in organic matter transformation and microbial activities of compost. DOM is divided into hydrophobic humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic substance (Hi) by fractionation technique. Elemental composition of each component is analyzed. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy is characteristic. Compared with HA and FA, the hydrophilic substance Hi has higher nitrogen content, higher saturation and easier oxidation. As the composting process, the aromatization degree of HA and FA components is higher and higher, while the Hi component keeps a relatively stable state. Property analysis showed that the average particle size of DOM components decreased continuously with composting time, while the zeta potential of Hi component increased continuously, which indicated that DOM components might have potential application value in cationic adsorption. Bacteroides, sclerenchyma and Proteobacteria are the three most abundant phyla in the composting process. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are the most abundant phylum in the composting process. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Deinococcus-Thermus are also active as compost matures. The significant effects on microorganisms resulted in significant differences between Od and 4D samples, between 4D and 30d samples. The PCA analysis showed that there was little difference in microbial diversity between the 30th and 120d samples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S141.4
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 張祥永;任靜;馬彥霞;郁繼華;;微生物菌劑對牛糞堆肥中酶活性的影響[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2016年03期
2 牛明杰;鄭國砥;朱彥莉;趙馨s，
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