【摘要】：水土流失一直以來被認為是威脅人類生存發(fā)展及生活環(huán)境的三大公害之一,每年全球都有數(shù)以千計的人們因水土流失而遭受不同程度的損失。我國已成為世界上水土流失最嚴重的國家之一,水土流失的發(fā)生給國民經(jīng)濟和人民的生活帶了諸多災難,為此對水土流失進行遙感監(jiān)測具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。咸寧市咸安區(qū)是湖北省水土流失較為嚴重的地區(qū)之一,屬于湖北省幕阜山水土流失重點治理區(qū),水土流失現(xiàn)象常有發(fā)生。本文以咸寧市咸安區(qū)作為研究對象,收集研究區(qū)內(nèi)多年降雨數(shù)據(jù)、土壤分布數(shù)據(jù)、土地利用現(xiàn)狀數(shù)據(jù)、植被覆蓋數(shù)據(jù)、坡長坡度地形數(shù)據(jù)、水土保持措施等數(shù)據(jù),結合遙感及GIS技術,運用修訂的通用水土流失方程、空間分析等方法,構建評價指標體系,定量評估2010年、2014年間土壤侵蝕量和侵蝕強度等級,確定土壤侵蝕強度的分布狀況,利用探索性空間分析探尋土壤侵蝕的分布規(guī)律及發(fā)展趨勢。最后根據(jù)試驗得出的數(shù)據(jù)以及實地調查的結果,得出相應的結論。結果表明：(1)將RUSLE模型與GIS、RS技術相結合,建立一套從空間數(shù)據(jù)采集到分析土壤侵蝕狀況的完備工作流程和方法,使得定量評價區(qū)域內(nèi)土壤侵蝕的研究過程得以實現(xiàn),有效提高了區(qū)域土壤侵蝕量的計算速度和準確性。該方法能為咸安以及鄂南地區(qū)的土壤侵蝕現(xiàn)狀調查及研究提供一些參考。(2)通過對綜合GIS和RS技術土壤侵蝕狀況與僅使用GIS方法土壤侵蝕的對比研究發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然對眾多專家學者對不同地區(qū)不同地類C因子的值進行修正研究,但是帶有強烈的人為主觀性,在應用操作時,估算的數(shù)值、空間分布差異比較明顯。在研究資料和技術準備充分的情況下,綜合GIS和RS兩種技術方法的研究,使得結果更加可靠。(3)綜合GIS與RS技術,計算2010年、2014年土壤侵蝕狀況并對其進行分級。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),2010-2014年間,咸安區(qū)土壤侵蝕的現(xiàn)狀有所好轉,微度侵蝕的面積及比例增加,其它5種等級的土壤侵蝕強度所對應的面積及比例均有所減少。(4)在對2010年及2014年的土壤侵蝕狀況進行分析的基礎上,選取500m*500m的空間尺度,對咸安區(qū)土壤侵蝕分布狀況進行自相關分析,進一步驗證了2010-2014年間,咸安區(qū)發(fā)生中度及以上土壤侵蝕現(xiàn)象的區(qū)域在減少,雖然總體向好,但是東部部分地區(qū)土壤侵蝕狀況有加劇的傾向。針對咸安區(qū)土壤侵蝕的現(xiàn)狀,結合不同地區(qū)水土保持工作取得的新進展及新方法,提出適合咸安區(qū)及鄂南低山丘陵地區(qū)防治水土流失的新舉措。特別要注意,防止已經(jīng)治理的水土流失區(qū)域“卷土重來”,以及水土保持良好的區(qū)域出現(xiàn)惡化的現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion has long been regarded as one of the three public hazards that threaten the survival, development and living environment of human beings. Every year, thousands of people in the world suffer different degrees of losses due to soil and water loss. China has become one of the most serious countries of soil and water loss in the world. The occurrence of soil and water loss brings many disasters to the national economy and people's life. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to monitor soil and water loss by remote sensing. Xianning Xianan District is one of the more serious areas of soil and water loss in Hubei Province, which belongs to the key area of soil and water loss in Mufu Mountain, Hubei Province, and the phenomenon of soil and water loss often occurs. This paper takes Xianan District of Xianning City as the research object, collects the data of rainfall, soil distribution, land use, vegetation cover, slope length, soil and water conservation, etc. Combined with remote sensing and GIS technology, the evaluation index system was constructed by using the modified general soil erosion equation and spatial analysis method, and the soil erosion quantity and intensity grade were quantitatively evaluated in 2010 and 2014, and the distribution of soil erosion intensity was determined. To explore the distribution and development trend of soil erosion by exploratory spatial analysis. Finally, according to the data obtained from the experiment and the results of field investigation, the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The results show that: (1) by combining RUSLE model with GIS,RS technology, a set of complete workflow and method from spatial data acquisition to soil erosion analysis are established, which makes the research process of quantitative evaluation of soil erosion within the region possible. The calculation speed and accuracy of regional soil erosion are improved effectively. This method can provide some references for the investigation and study of soil erosion in Xianan and southern Hubei. (2) through the comparative study of comprehensive GIS and RS technology and only using GIS method, it is found that, Although many experts and scholars modify the value of factor C in different regions, there is a strong human subjectivity. In the application of the operation, the estimated value, the spatial distribution of the difference is obvious. Under the condition of sufficient research data and technical preparation, the study of GIS and RS makes the results more reliable. (3) combining GIS and RS techniques, the soil erosion in 2010 and 2014 is calculated and classified. The study found that between 2010 and 2014, the status of soil erosion in Xian'an area improved, and the area and proportion of micro-erosion increased. The corresponding area and proportion of the other five grades of soil erosion intensity have been reduced. (4) based on the analysis of soil erosion in 2010 and 2014, the spatial scale of 500m*500m was selected. The autocorrelation analysis of soil erosion distribution in Xianan District further verifies that the number of areas with moderate or above soil erosion in Xian District is decreasing during the period of 2010-2014, although the overall trend is positive. But soil erosion tends to intensify in parts of the east. According to the present situation of soil erosion in Xian'an area, combined with the new progress and new methods of soil and water conservation in different areas, the paper puts forward some new measures to prevent soil erosion in Xianan district and the low mountain and hilly area of south Hubei Province. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of the "comeback" of soil and water loss areas which have been controlled and the deterioration of areas with good soil and water conservation.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157;S127

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