【摘要】：對不同種類寄主的選擇寄生和寄生適應(yīng)性是篩選優(yōu)勢赤眼蜂的關(guān)鍵因素。赤眼蜂對不同種類寄主卵和不同發(fā)育階段的同一寄主卵常表現(xiàn)出不同的嗜好性,但是對同一寄主的受精卵以及未受精的寄生選擇和適應(yīng)性國內(nèi)外尚未見報道。本研究以稻螟赤眼蜂,松毛蟲赤眼蜂,螟黃赤眼蜂和黏蟲赤眼蜂為測試蜂種,以水稻二化螟、米蛾以及柞蠶的受精卵和未受精卵為測試寄主,調(diào)查了赤眼蜂對不同寄主受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生偏好性和發(fā)育適合度。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、赤眼蜂對水稻二化螟受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生選擇以及適應(yīng)性測試的三種赤眼蜂對新鮮水稻二化螟受精卵均有明顯的偏好性。稻螟赤眼蜂,松毛蟲赤眼蜂和螟黃赤眼蜂24 h內(nèi)寄生水稻二化螟新鮮受精卵的數(shù)量量(9.3、8.6和9.4粒)均明顯高于未受精卵(1.1、2.1和2.9粒);而在受精卵和未受精卵上的羽化率、后代雌蜂比率和發(fā)育歷期未見顯著差異。2、赤眼蜂對不同處理柞蠶受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生選擇以及適應(yīng)性測試的松毛蟲赤眼蜂明顯偏好寄生柞蠶受精卵,當(dāng)提供自產(chǎn)水洗、自產(chǎn)未水洗、剖腹水洗和剖腹未水洗未受精卵時,柞蠶卵的寄生率分別為80%、60%、60%和75%,而提供水洗和未水洗受精卵時,柞蠶卵全部被寄生。赤眼蜂在水洗受精卵(63.1粒)和未水洗受精卵(74.6)上的產(chǎn)卵數(shù)量明顯高于自產(chǎn)未水洗(39.4粒)和剖腹水洗的未受精卵(38.2粒)。松毛蟲赤眼蜂寄生不同處理的柞蠶受精卵和未受精卵后,赤眼蜂的羽化率以及后代雌蜂比率均不存在顯著差異。3、赤眼蜂對米蛾受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生選擇以及適應(yīng)性以米蛾卵為測試寄主,稻螟赤眼蜂,螟黃赤眼蜂和黏蟲赤眼蜂在受精卵上的寄生量(32.3、37.4和33.8粒)均明顯高于在未受精卵上的寄生量(10.4、14.5、17.4粒);在未受精卵上三種赤眼蜂的發(fā)育歷期(8.7、7.9和10.0 d)與在受精卵上的發(fā)育歷期(8.4、7.7和9.5 d)相比,呈現(xiàn)出不同程度的延長;而羽化率和后代雌性性比未見顯著差異。4、赤眼蜂對米蛾受精卵以及紫外殺胚卵的寄生選擇和適應(yīng)性供試的三種赤眼蜂中,螟黃赤眼蜂寄生紫外殺胚米蛾受精卵(42.2粒)的數(shù)量明顯高于正常受精卵(31.3粒)。在紫外殺胚卵上,螟黃赤眼蜂的寄生數(shù)量明顯高于稻螟赤眼蜂(32.3粒)和黏蟲赤眼蜂(34.2粒),在正常受精卵上,三種赤眼蜂的寄生量沒有明顯差異。三種赤眼蜂在紫外殺胚卵上的羽化率均明顯高于正常受精卵;三種赤眼蜂在米蛾正常受精卵或紫外殺胚卵上的后代雌蜂比率均不存在明顯差異;但是,螟黃赤眼蜂在米蛾正常受精卵或紫外殺胚卵上的發(fā)育歷期最短,其次是稻螟赤眼蜂,黏蟲赤眼蜂的發(fā)育歷期最長。5、赤眼蜂對不同日齡米蛾的受精卵以及未受精卵的寄生選擇和適應(yīng)性三種赤眼蜂在米蛾不同日齡受精卵或未受精卵上,均表現(xiàn)出隨齡期增加寄生能力下降的趨勢。總體上看,三種赤眼蜂對同一日齡受精卵的寄生數(shù)量要高于未受精卵。三種赤眼蜂在米蛾不同日齡受精卵上,均表現(xiàn)出隨齡期增加羽化率下降的趨勢,而在不同齡期未受精卵上的羽化率無顯著差異。三種赤眼蜂在不同日齡未受精卵上,均表現(xiàn)出隨齡期增加發(fā)育歷期延長的趨勢。同其它二種赤眼蜂相比,在各日齡受精卵上,螟黃赤眼蜂寄生數(shù)量最多,發(fā)育歷期最短,表現(xiàn)出最好的適應(yīng)性。通過研究四種赤眼蜂對水稻二化螟、米蛾和柞蠶受精和未受精卵的寄生選擇和適應(yīng)性,綜合來看,赤眼蜂均偏好寄生不同寄主種類的受精卵,且在不同寄主種類受精卵上的發(fā)育適合度均好于未受精卵。
[Abstract]:Selective parasitism and parasitic adaptability to different hosts are the key factors for the selection of dominant Trichogramma. Trichogramma exhibits different preferences for different host eggs and the same host eggs at different developmental stages, but selections and adaptability to the same host eggs and unfertilized parasitism have not been reported at home and abroad. In this study, Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma dendrolimus, Trichogramma borer and Trichogramma mucilaginosa were used as test species, and fertilized eggs and unfertilized eggs of rice stem borer, rice moth and oak silkworm were used as test hosts. The parasitic preference and developmental fitness of Trichogramma oryzae to fertilized eggs and unfertilized eggs of different hosts were investigated. The number of freshly fertilized eggs (9.3, 8.6 and 9.4 eggs) parasitized by Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma Dendrolimus and Trichogramma Dendrolimus within 24 hours were all clear. There was no significant difference in the ratio of female wasps and the duration of development between fertilized and unfertilized eggs. 2. Trichogramma preferred parasitic eggs for fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi, and Trichogramma Dendrolimus preferred parasitic eggs of Antheraea pernyi. The parasitization rates of tussah eggs were 80%, 60%, 60% and 75% respectively when they were washed with water, washed with cesarean water and washed without water. When they were washed with water and washed without water, all tussah eggs were parasitized. 4 eggs) and 38.2 eggs (unfertilized eggs) washed by laparotomy. There was no significant difference in the rate of emergence and the ratio of female wasps in the offspring between the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi parasitized by Trichogramma dendrolimus. 3. The parasitic selection and adaptability of Trichogramma Dendrolimus to the fertilized and unfertilized eggs of Antheraea pernyi were tested by rice moth eggs. The parasitism of Trichogramma furnacalis, Trichogramma furnacalis and Trichogramma mucilaginosa on fertilized eggs (32.3, 37.4 and 33.8 eggs) was significantly higher than that on unfertilized eggs (10.4, 14.5, 17.4 eggs); the developmental duration (8.7, 7.9 and 10.0 days) of the three Trichogramma furnacalis on unfertilized eggs (8.4, 7.7 and 9.5 days) was different from that on fertilized eggs (8.4, 7.7 and 9.5 days). The number of eggs (42.2 eggs) parasitized by Trichogramma borer was significantly higher than that of normal fertilized eggs (31.3 eggs). The parasitic number of Trichogramma furnacalis was significantly higher than that of Trichogramma furnacalis (32.3) and Trichogramma mucilaginosa (34.2). There was no significant difference among the three Trichogramma species on normal fertilized eggs. However, the developmental duration of Trichogramma borer on normal fertilized or ultraviolet-killed eggs was the shortest, followed by Trichogramma oryzae, Trichogramma mucilaginosa, which had the longest developmental duration. The parasitism of three Trichogramma species to fertilized eggs at the same age was higher than that of unfertilized eggs. The emergence rate of three Trichogramma species to fertilized eggs at different age showed a downward trend. Compared with the other two Trichogramma species, Trichogramma borer had the most parasitism and the shortest developmental duration on the fertilized eggs of each day, showing the best adaptability. The parasitic selection and adaptability of four Trichogramma species to fertilized and unfertilized eggs of rice stem borer, rice moth and oak silkworm were studied. Generally speaking, Trichogramma preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs of different host species, and the developmental fitness of fertilized eggs of different host species was better than that of unfertilized eggs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S476.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 朱志民,夏斌;中國生物防治研究近況(一)[J];江西植保;1996年02期

2 張國紅;魯新;李麗娟;丁巖;劉宏偉;;貯存后的米蛾卵對赤眼蜂繁殖的影響[J];吉林農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2008年05期

3 孫光芝,趙書紅,張帆,孫彤,李耀華,侯元;應(yīng)用薄層等電聚焦電泳法區(qū)分松毛蟲赤眼蜂地理種群的研究[J];吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;1992年02期

4 郭明f ;張兢業(yè);;赤眼蜂寄生行為研究(Ⅳ)—子代數(shù)量分配和子代性分配[J];昆蟲天敵;1993年02期

5 邱中良,周建中,黃娟,周敏,沈伯鈞,符文俊,邱鴻貴;松毛蟲赤眼蜂雄峰寄主棲息地定向行為的研究[J];昆蟲天敵;1995年01期

6 張敏玲;擬澳洲赤眼蜂對小菜蛾卵的適應(yīng)能力[J];昆蟲天敵;1996年03期

7 李元喜;戴華國;符文俊;;米蛾對三種赤眼蜂的適合性及被寄生后卵內(nèi)游離氨基酸含量的變化[J];昆蟲學(xué)報;2008年06期

，

本文編號：2201088