【摘要】：磷素(P)在環(huán)境中的過量累積是導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的主要因素。論文以湖南省長(zhǎng)沙縣脫甲河農(nóng)區(qū)小流域(52 km2)和澗山河森林-農(nóng)區(qū)小流域(50 km2)為研究單元,基于入戶調(diào)查資料和連續(xù)4 a的流域把口站水文水質(zhì)定位觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),采用物質(zhì)流分析法,對(duì)比研究了亞熱帶丘陵區(qū)典型小流域P的收支平衡及流失特征。結(jié)果表明,農(nóng)區(qū)小流域出口地表水總磷(TP)含量變化為0.03~0.68 mg·L-1,平均含量為0.21 mg·L-1,整體達(dá)到Ⅲ類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);森林-農(nóng)區(qū)小流域TP含量變化范圍為0.01~0.35 mg·L-1,平均為0.08 mg·L-1,整體為Ⅱ類水質(zhì),表明森林-農(nóng)區(qū)小流域地表水水質(zhì)明顯優(yōu)于農(nóng)區(qū)小流域。農(nóng)區(qū)小流域P的環(huán)境滯留強(qiáng)度(32.0 kg·hm-2·a-1)顯著高于森林-農(nóng)區(qū)小流域(20.6 kg·hm-2·a-1),對(duì)環(huán)境影響更大。以2013年為例,農(nóng)區(qū)小流域P的主要輸入項(xiàng)為飼料,占53.1%,森林-農(nóng)區(qū)小流域則以肥料為主,占53.0%;兩個(gè)流域的P輸出項(xiàng)都以植物和畜禽產(chǎn)品輸出為主,均占總輸出量的94.0%左右�？刂菩×饔蚍柿虾惋暳贤度�、增加循環(huán)利用途徑以及提高P利用率是當(dāng)前減輕水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的有效途徑。
[Abstract]:Excessive accumulation of phosphorus (P) in the environment is the main factor leading to agricultural non-point source pollution. This paper takes the small watershed (52 km2) and the small watershed (50 km2) of Jianshan River forest agricultural area as the research units, based on the household survey data and the hydrological and water quality observation data of the river basin at Baikou station for 4 consecutive years. The characteristics of P budget balance and loss in typical small watershed in subtropical hilly region were studied by means of material flow analysis. The results showed that the content of total phosphorus (TP) in the surface water of small watershed was 0.03 ~ 0.68 mg / L ~ (-1), and the average content was 0.21 mg / L ~ (-1), which reached the standard of class 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2200115