【摘要】：工程堆積體極易產(chǎn)生水土流失,是生產(chǎn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目水土流失防治的重點(diǎn)。為探明工程堆積體植物籬控蝕效果和機(jī)理,通過(guò)野外模擬徑流沖刷試驗(yàn),該文采用35、45、55 L/min 3種放水流量,對(duì)24°、28°、32°三種坡度的植物籬(H)及裸露對(duì)照小區(qū)(C)堆積體邊坡(20 m×5 m標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)測(cè)小區(qū))進(jìn)行模擬放水沖刷試驗(yàn),選取產(chǎn)沙率、徑流含沙量、減沙量、徑流挾沙力、剪切力、剝蝕率和徑流功率等因子對(duì)堆積體坡面植物籬的控蝕效果及其機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:堆積體侵蝕時(shí)間段集中在產(chǎn)流中后期(10~32 min),侵蝕位置主要在坡面中上段(0~10 m),植物籬具有10%~45%的減沙效益,其控蝕能力與沖刷歷時(shí)之間存在二次函數(shù)的關(guān)系,臨界時(shí)間隨坡度和流量的增加而提前;植物籬坡面產(chǎn)流后期徑流含沙量超過(guò)裸坡,這與其在侵蝕過(guò)程中的"源-匯"轉(zhuǎn)變有關(guān);植物籬可降低坡面土壤剝蝕率,提高坡面的臨界剪切力和臨界徑流功率,能抑制細(xì)溝向坡面下部的發(fā)育,基于徑流功率,其可蝕性參數(shù)(3.58 g/(N·m))大于對(duì)照坡面的可蝕性參數(shù)(2.83 g/(N·m))。研究結(jié)果可為坡面植物籬的合理利用提供一定的理論支撐,也能為工程堆積體措施條件下土壤侵蝕預(yù)報(bào)模型的建立提供部分參數(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Engineering accumulations are easy to produce soil erosion, which is the key point of soil erosion prevention and control in production and construction projects. In order to find out the effect and mechanism of plant hedgerow erosion control in engineering, through field simulated runoff scour test, three kinds of water discharge flow of 35 ~ 455 ~ 55 L/min were used in this paper. The simulated flushing experiments were carried out on hedgerow (H) with 24 擄and 28 擄~ 32 擄slope and (C) accumulation body slope in bare control plot (20 m 脳 5 m standard monitoring plot). The sediment yield, runoff sediment content, sediment reduction, runoff sediment carrying capacity and shear stress were selected. The erosion control effect and its mechanism of hedgerow were analyzed by erosion rate and runoff power. The results show that the accumulation erosion time period is concentrated in the middle and late stage of runoff (10 ~ 32 min),) erosion position is mainly in the middle and upper section of the slope (0 ~ 10 m),) hedgerow has 1045% sediment reduction benefit, and there is a quadratic function relationship between erosion control ability and erosion duration. The critical time is advanced with the increase of slope and flow, the runoff sediment content of hedgerow is higher than that of bare slope in the late stage of runoff, which is related to the "source-sink" transition in the process of erosion, and hedgerow can reduce the erosion rate of soil on the slope. Increasing critical shear stress and critical runoff power can inhibit the development of the lower slope of the rill slope. Based on the runoff power, the erodibility parameter (3.58 g / (N m) is higher than that of the control (2.83 g / (N m). The results can provide some theoretical support for the rational utilization of hedgerows on slope surface, and also provide some parameter support for the establishment of soil erosion prediction model under the condition of engineering accumulation measures.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金:工程堆積體陡坡坡面徑流侵蝕輸沙動(dòng)力過(guò)程試驗(yàn)研究(41671283) “十三五”重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃:高塬溝壑區(qū)固溝保塬生態(tài)防護(hù)與蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效技術(shù)及示范(2016YFC0501706-02)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157

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