【摘要】：人工林對緩解我國木材緊張狀況和促進林業(yè)生產建設起著巨大作用。然而,隨著杉木、馬尾松、楊樹等人工林的不斷發(fā)展,特別是連栽導致各地不同程度地出現(xiàn)了諸如“林木生長趨緩”、“林地土壤肥力下降甚至衰退”等一系列問題,給林業(yè)生產帶來嚴重影響,因此,多年來,有關人工林地力變化的研究一直為人們所重視。柳樹人工林作為近年來發(fā)展較快的人工林,其發(fā)展規(guī)模和面積日益增大,而有關其土壤性狀或肥力變化方面的研究卻鮮有報道,為此,以連云港市柳樹人工林為研究對象,通過野外調查采樣和室內分析測定,分析不同林齡柳樹人工林土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、過氧化氫酶等酶活性的變化特征,研究土壤微生物量碳、氮的變化狀況,闡明柳樹人工林土壤生物學性質與理化性質間的關系,揭示柳樹人工林土壤生物學性質狀況,為土壤肥力維護和人工林可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供依據(jù)。主要研究結果如下:1.土壤堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、過氧化氫酶活性及土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮在總體上都隨人工林林齡增加而逐漸增加。1a生柳樹人工林的土壤堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、過氧化氫酶分別為2.60mg/g、83.47mg/g、1.87mg/g、3.78ml/g,4a生的分別為3.16mg/g、106.42mg/g、2.49mg/g、3.82ml/g;1a生的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮分別為120.75mg/kg、33.51 mg/kg,4a生的分別為179.05mg/kg、43.98mg/kg。2.不同土層的林地土壤酶活性差異較大,土壤堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、過氧化氫酶活性的垂直變化總體規(guī)律為上層(0~20cm)中層(20~40cm)下層(40~60cm),土壤酶活性隨土層加深而不斷減小;不同林齡相同土層的土壤酶活性總體上隨林齡增加而增大,即土壤酶活性4a3a2a1a。研究得出:1a生的上、中、下層土壤堿性磷酸酶分別為2.63 mg/g、1.66 mg/g、0.91 mg/g,2a生的分別為2.56 mg/g、1.87 mg/g、1.14 mg/g,3a生的分別為2.53 mg/g、2.23 mg/g、1.28 mg/g,4a生的分別為2.80 mg/g、1.95 mg/g、1.57 mg/g;1a生的蔗糖酶分別為88.72 mg/g、56.26 mg/g、21.97 mg/g,2a生的分別為88.58 mg/g、71.65mg/g、25.76 mg/g,3a生的分別為94.29 mg/g、70.79 mg/g、25.80 mg/g,4a生的分別為92.11mg/g、81.01 mg/g、39.73 mg/g;1a生的脲酶分別為2.27 mg/g、0.98 mg/g、0.48 mg/g,2a生的分別為2.23 mg/g、1.27 mg/g、0.62 mg/g,3a生的分別為1.64 mg/g、1.14 mg/g、0.74 mg/g,4a生的分別為2.19 mg/g、1.74 mg/g、1.05 mg/g;過氧化氫酶活性的變化相對較小,1a生的上、中、下層土壤過氧化氫酶分別為2.56 ml/g、2.57 ml/g、2.43 ml/g,2a生的分別為2.56ml/g、2.58 ml/g、2.4 ml/g,3a生的分別為2.5 ml/g、2.57 ml/g、2.47 ml/g,4a生的分別為2.57 ml/g、2.5 ml/g、2.51 ml/g。3.不同土層的土壤微生物量碳的大小順序為0~20cm20~40cm40~60cm,土壤微生物量氮也表現(xiàn)為上層和中層較高,下層較低,因此,總體上它們都隨土層加深而呈減少趨勢。不同林齡相同土層的土壤微生物量碳總體均為4a生的最大、1a生的最小,4a生的上、中、下層土壤微生物量碳總體分別為171.03mg/kg、111.25mg/kg、75.82mg/kg,比對照分別增加了87.59%、171.70%、171.72%,1a生的分別為126.39mg/kg、79.11mg/kg、36.00mg/kg,比對照分別增加了38.63%、93.20%、29.01%。不同林齡的土壤微生物量氮的變化不盡相同,上層土壤的變化存在波動性,無明顯變化規(guī)律,而中層和下層土壤微生物量氮的變化規(guī)律則與微生物量碳相似,即隨林齡增加而逐漸增加。4.不同季節(jié)的土壤酶活性存在較大差異,土壤堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶及脲酶活性總體均表現(xiàn)為夏季相對較高、春季和冬季相對較低;過氧化氫酶活性則以春季最大、夏季其次、冬季最小。相同季節(jié)1a~4a生的土壤過氧化氫酶活性變化不大,而土壤堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶及脲酶活性總體隨林齡增加而呈升高的趨勢,例如:夏季4a生的土壤堿性磷酸酶活性為2.65 mg/g,比對照增加了20.87%,蔗糖酶活性為76.65mg/g,較對照增加38.41%,土壤脲酶活性為2.76mg/g,較對照增了110.43%。5.不同季節(jié)的土壤微生物量碳、氮變化規(guī)律不盡相同,微生物量碳為夏季最高、春季其次、冬季最低,而土壤微生物量氮則以夏季最大、冬季其次、春季最低;同一季節(jié)不同林齡人工林的土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮均隨林齡增加而不斷增加。
[Abstract]:Plantation plays an important role in alleviating timber tension and promoting forestry production and construction in China. However, with the continuous development of Chinese fir, masson pine and poplar plantations, especially continuous planting, a series of problems have appeared in various places, such as "slow growth of trees", "decline or even decline of soil fertility of forest land". Forestry production has brought about serious impact, therefore, for many years, people have been paying attention to the research on the change of soil fertility of artificial forest. As a fast-growing artificial forest in recent years, the development scale and area of willow plantation are increasing day by day, but the research on the change of soil properties or fertility is seldom reported. Through field investigation, sampling and laboratory analysis, the characteristics of soil phosphatase, sucrase, urease and catalase activities in willow plantations at different ages were analyzed, and the changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were studied. The main results are as follows: 1. Soil alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, urease, catalase activity, soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased gradually with the increase of plantation age. Soil alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, urease and catalase in willow plantation were 2.60 mg/g, 83.47 mg/g, 1.87 mg/g, 3.78 ml/g, 3.16 mg/g, 106.42 mg/g, 2.49 mg/g, 3.82 ml/g, respectively, and soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen were 120.75 mg/kg, 33.51 mg/kg, 179.05 mg/kg, 43.98 mg/kg, and 2.2.8 mg/kg, respectively. The activity of soil alkaline phosphatase, invertase, urease and catalase in the upper layer (0-20cm) and the lower layer (20-40cm) were different in the soil layer, and the activity of soil enzyme decreased with the soil layer deepening. The results showed that the activities of alkaline phosphatase in the upper, middle and lower layers of soil were 2.63 mg/g, 1.66 mg/g, 0.91 mg/g, 2.56 mg/g, 1.87 mg/g, 1.14 mg/g, 2.53 mg/g, 2.23 mg/g, 1.28 mg/g, 4-year-old were 2.80 mg/g, 1.95 mg/g, 1.57 mg/g, respectively. The three-year-born ureases were 94.29 mg/g, 70.79 mg/g, 25.80 mg/g, 25.80 mg/g, respectively, 94.29 mg/g, 70.79 mg/g, 56.26 mg/g, 56.26 mg/g, 56.26 mg/g, 21.97 mg/g, 21.97 mg/g, and 21.97 mg/g at 2a-born were 88.58.58 mg/g, 71.65 mg/g, 71.65 mg/g, 71.65 mg/g, 25.76mg/g, 94.29 mg/g, 70.79 mg/g, 25.79.79 mg/g, 25.80 mg/g, 92.11 mg/g, 81.01 mg/g, 81.01 mg/g, 81.01 mg/g, 39.01 mg/g, 1.14 mg/g, 0.74 mg/g, 4-year-old were 2.19 mg/g, 1.74 mg/g, 1.05 mg/g, catalase activity was relatively small, the catalase activity of 1-year-old upper, middle, lower soil were 2.56 ml/g, 2.57 ml/g, 2.43 ml/g, 2.56 ml/g, 2.58 ml/g, 2.4 ml/g, 3-year-old were 2.5 ml/g, 2.57 ml/g, 2.47 ml/g, 4-year-old respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon in different soil layers ranged from 0 to 20 cm 20 to 40 cm 40 to 60 cm. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen was also higher in the upper and middle layers and lower in the lower layers. Therefore, they all showed a decreasing trend with the deepening of soil layers. The total soil microbial biomass carbon in the upper, middle and lower layers were 171.03 mg/kg, 111.25 mg/kg, 75.82 mg/kg, 87.59%, 171.70%, 171.72%, 126.39 mg/kg, 79.11 mg/kg, 36.00 mg/kg, respectively, which increased by 38.63%, 93.20% and 29.01% compared with the control. The change of soil microbial biomass nitrogen was similar to that of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). 4. Soil enzyme activities in different seasons were quite different, and soil alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and urease activities were different. The activities of catalase were the highest in spring, the second in summer and the smallest in winter. The activities of catalase in soils grown in the same season for 1A ~ 4A had little change, while the activities of alkaline phosphatase, invertase and urease increased with the increase of forest age, for example, in summer. Soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 20.87%, sucrase activity by 76.65 mg/g, 38.41% and urease activity by 2.76mg/g, 110.43% respectively. 5. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen varied in different seasons. Microbial biomass carbon was the highest in summer, the second in spring and the lowest in winter. Soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased with the increase of forest age in the same season.
【學位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714;S792.12

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