【摘要】：土壤是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)必不可少的組成部分,森林土壤含水量的多少是土地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)的重要指標(biāo)之一。森林土壤作為林木生存的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)涵養(yǎng)水源的主要蓄積庫(kù),它不僅依賴于森林植被下的特殊生物群落,而且受林木根系和枯落物的影響,具有獨(dú)特的水文特征。針對(duì)祁連山地區(qū)的森林水源涵養(yǎng)功能研究主要集中在祁連山北坡,對(duì)于青海省境內(nèi)祁連山南坡水源涵養(yǎng)功能的研究報(bào)道很少。本文以祁連山南坡為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)野外采樣、室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)處理對(duì)祁連山南坡不同林地土壤水分及其水源涵養(yǎng)特征進(jìn)行研究。主要得出如下研究結(jié)果:(1)研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同林地類型土壤含水量變化趨勢(shì)為:基本上隨土層深度的加深而緩慢降低,從不同土層深度看,大致為青海云杉金露梅祁連圓柏,箭葉錦雞兒介于三者之間變化;從整體上看,表現(xiàn)為青海云杉金露梅祁連圓柏,箭葉錦雞兒和金露梅林地土壤含水量相差不大。不同林地類型土壤孔隙度基本上都隨土層深度的增加而減少,可見(jiàn)土壤表層存在植被及枯落物可以增大土壤的孔隙度,從不同土層深度和整體上看,均為青海云杉祁連圓柏金露梅箭葉錦雞兒。不同林地類型土壤容重基本上隨著土層深度遞增,從不同土層深度和整體上看,均為箭葉錦雞兒金露梅祁連圓柏青海云杉。(2)研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤含水量在20-40 cm土層處由于存在毛細(xì)根,其土壤含水量有不同程度的回升。祁連圓柏由于多生長(zhǎng)于陽(yáng)坡,故而其土壤含水量明顯小于其他三種林地土壤含水量。表層土壤植被根系比深層土壤發(fā)達(dá),土壤的孔隙度較大,容重較小;到了30cm左右,隨土層深度增加土壤孔隙度減小趨勢(shì)不變,容重的增大趨勢(shì)也不變。青海云杉和祁連圓柏作為喬木根系較發(fā)達(dá)與金露梅和箭葉錦雞兒灌木林相比,孔隙度明顯偏大,容重較小,可見(jiàn)根系發(fā)達(dá)程度以及毛細(xì)根的數(shù)量決定土壤孔隙度和容重。(3)研究區(qū)內(nèi)影響土壤含水量的主要因素是林地類型,土層深度為次要因素。除祁連圓柏以外的三種林地類型土壤孔隙度、容重與土層深度的相關(guān)性較顯著,含水量與土層深度的相關(guān)性較差,孔隙度、容重與土層深度的相關(guān)性幾乎一致。(4)研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同林地土壤蓄水量基本上都隨土層深度的增加而降低,可見(jiàn)表層土壤存在植被及枯落物可以提升土壤蓄水能力,從不同土層深度和整體上看,均為青海云杉祁連圓柏金露梅箭葉錦雞兒。不同林地枯落物有效攔蓄量、持水量為箭葉錦雞兒青海云杉祁連圓柏金露梅,最大持水率為箭葉錦雞兒祁連圓柏青海云杉金露梅。不同林地土壤總蓄水量為青海云杉祁連圓柏箭葉錦雞兒金露梅。結(jié)果顯示,土壤層貯水量占總蓄水量的百分比高達(dá)96%,土壤層涵養(yǎng)水源的能力比較強(qiáng),表明祁連山南坡林地土壤水源涵養(yǎng)功能最強(qiáng)的是青海云杉林。
[Abstract]:Soil is an essential part of forest ecosystem, and the amount of forest soil moisture is one of the important indicators of land quality evaluation. As the material basis of forest survival, forest soil is the main reservoir of water conservation in forest ecosystem. It not only depends on the special biota under forest vegetation, but also is affected by forest roots and litter. It has unique hydrological characteristics. The study on forest water conservation function in Qilian Mountains is mainly focused on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains, but there are few reports on the water conservation function in the southern slope of Qilian Mountains in Qinghai Province. In this paper, the characteristics of soil moisture and water conservation in different forest land on the south slope of Qilian Mountain were studied by field sampling, laboratory experiments and data processing. The main results are as follows: (1) the variation trend of soil water content in different forest land types in the study area is that the soil moisture content decreases slowly with the deepening of soil depth, and from different soil depth, it is roughly about Cypress crassifolia var. crassifolia. The variation of Caragana is between the three factors, and on the whole, it shows that the soil water content of Picea crassifolia var. crassifolia is not different from that of Jilumei Qilian Cypress, and the soil moisture content of Caragana chinensis and Jinlu Plum Forest is not different. Soil porosity of different woodland types decreases with the increase of soil depth. It can be seen that vegetation and litter on the surface of soil can increase the porosity of soil, which can be seen from the depth of different soil layers and the whole soil layer. All for the Qinghai spruce Qilian cypress juniper leaf Caragana. The soil bulk density of different forest land types increases with the depth of soil layer. From the depth of different soil layers and the whole soil layer, they are all spruce of Cypress crassifolia. (2) the soil moisture content in the study area exists in the soil layer of 20-40 cm because of the existence of capillaries. The soil moisture content increased to some extent. The soil water content of Cypress chinensis was obviously lower than that of the other three forest land because it was mostly grown on sunny slope. The root system of surface soil is more developed than that of deep soil, the porosity of soil is larger and the bulk density is smaller than that of deep soil, and the soil porosity decreases with the increase of soil depth, and the increasing trend of bulk density does not change with the increase of soil depth. Picea crassifolia and Phyllostachys chinensis were more developed as Arbor roots, compared with Jilumei and Caragana shrubbery, the porosity and bulk density of Picea crassifolia were obviously larger and their bulk density was smaller. It can be seen that the degree of root development and the number of capillary roots determine soil porosity and bulk density. (3) the main factors affecting soil water content in the study area are forest land type and soil depth is the secondary factor. Soil porosity, bulk density and soil depth were significantly correlated with soil porosity in three types of woodland, except for Cypress chinensis, but the correlation between water content and soil depth was poor, and porosity was significant. The correlation between bulk density and soil depth is almost the same. (4) soil water storage in different forest land decreases with the increase of soil depth. It can be seen that vegetation and litter in surface soil can improve soil water storage capacity. From the depth of different soil layers and the whole, they all belong to Caragana chinensis, Cypress chrysanthemum var. crassifolia. The effective storage capacity of litter in different forest land was Caragana crassifolia, and the maximum water holding rate was Pinus crassifolia, and the maximum water holding rate was Pinus crassifolia var. crassifolia. The total soil water storage of different forest land was Picea crassifolia Qilian cypress leaf Caragana jinlumei. The results showed that the percentage of soil water storage in the total water storage was as high as 96, and the water conservation capacity of soil layer was relatively strong, indicating that the function of soil water conservation in forest land on the south slope of Qilian Mountains was the strongest in Picea crassifolia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S714

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本文編號(hào)：2184551