發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-15 11:36

【摘要】：為研究沉積物對(duì)水體中重金屬和農(nóng)藥的吸附規(guī)律和污染物的復(fù)合污染特征,選用分辨度為V的210-3分式析因設(shè)計(jì)方法,通過(guò)多種建模方式(固定效應(yīng)模型、多元線(xiàn)性回歸模型和最佳子集回歸模型),探究了十種污染物(銅、汞、鉛、鋅、鎳、阿特拉津、馬拉硫磷、撲草凈、甲霜靈、樂(lè)果)主效應(yīng)及二階交互作用的大小對(duì)重金屬(鎘、鎳)和農(nóng)藥(甲霜靈、撲草凈)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)吸附的貢獻(xiàn)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),十種污染物體系中,污染物的主效應(yīng)對(duì)目標(biāo)污染物鎘在沉積物上的吸附起主導(dǎo)作用,根據(jù)效應(yīng)值大小依次為鎘、銅、鉛、鋅和樂(lè)果,其中鎘自身濃度具顯著協(xié)同作用,其他四種主效應(yīng)皆具呈顯著拮抗作用：二階交互作用對(duì)鎘在沉積物上的吸附影響不顯著,二階交互作用顯著影響因子包括銅*鋅(協(xié)同作用)、鋅*鎳(拮抗作用)；此外,二階交互作用對(duì)目標(biāo)污染物鎳吸附規(guī)律的影響相對(duì)顯著,貢獻(xiàn)率為62%,顯著二階交互作用共有十四組,其中協(xié)同作用最顯著的是阿特拉津*鎘=1.8947,拮抗作用最顯著的是樂(lè)果*阿特拉津=0.8179,根據(jù)效應(yīng)值大小,對(duì)目標(biāo)污染物鎳在沉積物上的吸附有顯著顯影響的主效應(yīng)因子依次為鎳、甲霜靈、鉛、鎘、鋅和銅,其中鎳與甲霜靈具有顯著協(xié)同作用,其他四種重金屬污染物皆具有顯著拮抗作用。上述規(guī)律說(shuō)明,金屬污染物的主效應(yīng)都對(duì)沉積物吸附重金屬均起到顯著的拮抗作用。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),根據(jù)效應(yīng)值大小,對(duì)目標(biāo)污染物甲霜靈在沉積物上的吸附有明顯影響的主效應(yīng)因子依次為甲霜靈、銅和鉛.其中甲霜靈自身濃度和銅具有顯著協(xié)同作用,鉛則呈現(xiàn)顯著的拮抗作用；對(duì)目標(biāo)污染物甲霜靈在沉積物上的吸附有顯著影響的二階交互作用貢獻(xiàn)率為79%,說(shuō)明二階交互作用對(duì)于甲霜靈在沉積物上的吸附具有一定的主導(dǎo)作用,其中協(xié)同作用最顯著的來(lái)源于阿特拉津*鎘=0.10969,拮抗作用最顯著的則來(lái)源于樂(lè)果*甲霜靈=-0.15383：二階交互作用對(duì)目標(biāo)污染物撲草凈在沉積物上的吸附也有顯著的影響,貢獻(xiàn)率為70.9%,二階交互作用因子共有十五組,其中協(xié)同作用最顯著的源自于阿特拉津*鉛,貢獻(xiàn)率為5.3%,拮抗作用最顯著的則源自于樂(lè)果*鎘,貢獻(xiàn)率為4.9%。因子主效應(yīng)除重金屬鋅以外,其他主效應(yīng)在一定程度上都對(duì)撲草凈在沉積物上的吸附有顯著影響,其中銅對(duì)撲草凈在沉積物上吸附協(xié)同作用最為顯著,效應(yīng)值達(dá)到0.15。
[Abstract]:In order to study the adsorption law of heavy metals and pesticides in water by sediment and the compound pollution characteristics of pollutants, a 210-3 factorial design method with a resolution of V was selected, and various modeling methods (fixed effect model) were used. Ten pollutants (copper, mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, atrazine, malathion, propofol, metalaxyl) were investigated by multivariate linear regression model and optimal subset regression model. The main effect and the second order interaction of dimethoate contribute to the competitive adsorption of heavy metals (cadmium, nickel) and pesticides (Metalaxyl, Puccinol). It is found that the main effects of pollutants play a leading role in the adsorption of cadmium on sediments in the ten pollutant systems, and according to the effect values of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and dimethoate, the order of effect is cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and dimethoate. Among them, cadmium concentration had significant synergistic effect, while the other four main effects showed significant antagonistic effect: the second order interaction had no significant effect on cadmium adsorption on sediment. The second order interaction factors include copper * zinc (synergistic), zinc * nickel (antagonism), and the second order interaction has a relatively significant effect on the nickel adsorption law of the target pollutant. The contribution rate was 62. There were 14 groups of significant second order interaction. The most significant synergistic effect was atrazine * cadmium 1.8947, and the antagonism was dimethoate * atrazine 0.8179, according to the effect value. Nickel, Metalaxyl, lead, cadmium, Zinc and Copper had significant effects on the adsorption of nickel on sediment, in which nickel and metalaxyl had a significant synergistic effect on the adsorption of nickel on sediment, and the main effect factors on the adsorption of nickel on sediment were nickel, Metalaxyl, lead, cadmium, zinc and copper, respectively. The other four heavy metal pollutants all had significant antagonistic effects. These results indicate that the main effects of metal pollutants play a significant role in antagonizing the adsorption of heavy metals by sediments. It was also found that according to the effect value, the main effect factors which had obvious influence on the adsorption of the target pollutant on sediment were Metalaxyl, copper and lead. Metalaxyl had significant synergistic effect with copper, while lead showed significant antagonism. The contribution rate of the second-order interaction to the adsorption of the target pollutant, Metalaxyl, on the sediment was 79%, which indicated that the second-order interaction played a leading role in the adsorption of Metalaxyl on the sediment. The most significant synergistic effect came from atrazine * cadmium 0.10969, and the most significant antagonism came from dimethoate * Metalaxyl -0.15383: the second order interaction also had a significant effect on the adsorption of the target pollutant Puccinol on the sediment. The contribution rate of the second order interaction factor was 70.9. Among them, the most significant synergistic effect was from atrazine * lead, the contribution rate was 5.3, and the most significant antagonism was from dimethoate * cadmium, with a contribution rate of 4.9%. Except for zinc, the other main effects had significant effect on the adsorption of Puccinellae on sediment to a certain extent, among which Cu had the most significant synergistic effect on the adsorption of Puccinol on sediment, and the effect value reached 0.15.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52;X592

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